Sea Sickness in Seafarers: Associated Factors and Preventive Strategies
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Abstract
Sea sickness is a common health problem that significantly affects seafarers in the commercial shipping industry worldwide. This review aimed to synthesize the knowledge on sea sickness in seafarers, covering key issues such as prevalence, associated factors, impacts and prevention strategies.
The prevalence of sea sickness in seafarers varied depending on the situation. In calm seas, the incidence was approximately 25 to 30 percent, and increased to 50 to 90 percent in rough seas. In addition, a study of Icelandic seafarers found the incidence to be as high as 80 percent. The etiology is attributed to the sensory conflict hypothesis, which posits a discrepancy between the body's perceived movement and environmental, arising from conflicting signals received by the eyes, inner ears, and proprioceptive system. Factors related to sea sickness included personal factors, work factors, and environmental factors. The effects of sea sickness affected crew members both physically and mentally, as well as their work efficiency. It was found that more than 50 percent were unable to work to their full potential. Sea sickness is a major problem that affects the quality of life and productivity of seafarers. However, it can be prevented or alleviated through a variety of measures, from basic preventive measures, appropriate medication, diet, to physical training. Understanding and implementing these preventive measures correctly can help reduce sea sickness and improve seafarers’ performance on board.
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