Effect of Behavioral Modification Program for Weight Loss in Overweight Primary School Children Using The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
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Abstract
This research used the quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design to study the effect of a behavior modification program on weight loss in overweight school age children by implementing the Transtheoretical Model. The sample were 54 children from 4th - 6th grade studying in primary schools in Suan Luang district, Bangkok whose body weights were above 2 - 3 SD of the optimal weight. They were randomized and divided into the experimental and the control group with 27 members for each group. The subjects were selected using simple randomization method. The research tools are behavior modification program for weight loss in overweight school age children according to the Transtheoretical Model. The tools for measuring and gathering the results were exercise and dietary behavior questionnaires. The content validity was assessed by 3 experts with validity of 0.90. The validity of the exercise behavior questionnaire was 0.83 and the dietary behavior questionnaire was 0.70. The data which was collected from the subjects before and after the trial include personal information, stage of change assessment and exercise and food consumption behavior questionnaires. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and t-test.
The results showed that the average exercise behavior score that the experimental group attained post experiment (M = 17.37, SD = 3.10) was significantly higher than the score the group attained prior to the experiment (M = 9.67, SD = 2.70) (t = -11.87, p < .01) and higher than the control group (M = 10.85, SD = 2.48)(t = -8.53, p < .01). The average dietary behavior score that the experimental group attained post experiment (M = 18.74, SD = 2.30) was significantly higher than the score the group attained prior to the experiment (M = 11.44, SD = 1.42)(t = -12.54, p < .01) and higher than the control group (M = 12.93, SD = 1.86)(t = -10.23, p < .01). The average weight that the experimental group had after the experiment (M = 58.70, SD = 11.16) was significantly lower than the average weight that the group had before the experiment (M = 61.44, SD = 11.04)(t = 14.18, p > 0.01) and lower than the control group (M = 64.47, SD = 9.54) (t = 2.04, p < .05). The average body fat percentage that the experimental group had after the experiment (M = 33.80%, SD = 3.02) was also significantly lower than the average weight the group had before the experiment (M = 35.50%, SD = 2.90) (t = 11.23, p < .01) and lower than the control group (M = 36.70%, SD = 2.51)(t = 3.84, p < .01).
The result indicated that the behavior modification program for weight loss in overweight school aged children which utilized the Transtheoretical Model could positively affect the children behaviors by modifying their behaviors for weight loss and body fat reduction. This research, therefore, and can be implemented as school aged children’s weight loss program.
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