Promoting Health Literacy: The Essential Care for Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19 Era
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic era, pregnant women with diabetes mellitus have been the highest vulnerable groups due to its comorbidities, increasing maternal mortality more than other pregnancy groups. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes were at risk of COVID-19 infection from frequent visiting at antenatal clinics with a long waiting period whereas antenatal care clinics need to reduce clients, and practice social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19. For instance, this article provides knowledge on clinical manifestations, anatomical and psychosocial changes in pregnancy with COVID-19 infection, presents case report of gestational diabetes with COVID-19 infection, practice guidelines for the provision of health services for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus as well as promoting telehealth care and health literacy for pregnant women with no COVID-19 infection including person under investigation, asymptomatic and mild disease for improving their self-care management.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Diabetes Association Thailand. Clinical practice guideline for diabetes. [Internet]. [cited 2020 October 30]. Available form https://www.dmthai.org/attachments/article/443/guideline-diabetes-care-2017.pdf. (in Thai).
Suntorn R, Panichkul P. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus detected by International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) Criteria in Phramongkutklao Hospital. Thai Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2015;23(3):144-50.
Wanthong S, Lertwattanarak R, Sunsaneevithayakul P, Sriussadaporn S, Vannasaeng S, Sriwijitkamol A. High prevalence of diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance in Thai women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2017;29(9):21-4.
Allotey J, Stallings E, Bonet M, Yap M, Chatterjee S, Kew T, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020;370:m3320 doi:10.1136/bmj.m3320.
Joensen LE, Madsen KP, Holm L, Nielsen AK, Rod MH, Petersen AA, et al. Diabetes and COVID-19: psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in people with diabetes in Denmark what characterizes people with high levels of COVID-19-related worries? Diabet Med 2020;37(7):1146-54. doi: 10.1111/dme.14319.
Moradi F, Ghadiri-Anari A, Enjezab B. COVID-19 and self-care strategies for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14(5):1535-39.
Ghesquière L, Garabedian C, Drumez E, Lemaître M, Cazaubiel M, Bengle C, et al. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study. Diabetes Metab. 2021;47(2):101201. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.09.0087.
Murphy HR. Managing diabetes in pregnancy before, during, and after COVID- 19. Diabetes Technol Ther 2020;22(6):454-61.
Aziz A, Zork N, Aubey JJ, Baptiste CD, D'Alton ME, Emeruwa UN, et al. Telehealth for high-risk pregnancies in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Perinatol 2020;37(8):800-8.
Breslin N, Baptiste C, Miller R, Fuchs K, Goffman D, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, et al. COVID-19 in pregnancy: early lessons. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020;2(2):100111. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100111.
Amaral WND, Moraes CL, Rodrigues APDS, Noll M, Arruda JT, Mendonça CR. Maternal coronavirus infections and neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8(4):511. doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8040511
Wastnedge EAN, Reynolds RM, van Boeckel SR, Stock SJ, Denison FC, Maybin JA, et al. Pregnancy and COVID-19. Physiol Rev 2021;101(1):303-18.
Limchareon S, Intrarak J. Imaging in COVID-19. BJM 2020;7(1):103-12.
Hu J, Danielli M, Thomas RC, Melford SE, Gillies CL, Scott DA, et al. COVID- 19: women with diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy. BMJ 2020;28(11):800-1.
Ross GP, Falhammar H, Chen R, Barraclough H, Kleivenes O, Gallen I. Relationship between depression and diabetes in pregnancy: a systematic review. World J Diabetes 2016;7(19):554-71.
Miola V, de Oliveira dos Santos A, de Oliveira Zanuso B, Pinto M, Pillon J, dos Santos Haber J, de Alvares Goulart R. et al. COVID-19 and gestational diabetes: a systematic review. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2020;10(4):236-44. doi: 10.4236/jdm.2020.104019.
Fryer K, Delgado A, Foti T, Reid CN, Marshall J. Implementation of obstetric telehealth during COVID-19 and beyond. Matern Child Health J 2020;24(9):1104-10.
Suy A, Garcia-Ruiz I, Carbonell M, Cara-Manau P, Rodo C, Maiz N, et al. Gestation and COVID-19: clinical and microbiological observational study (Gesta-COVID19). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021;21(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03572-4.
Asadi L, Tabatabaei R S, Safinejad H, Mohammadi M. New corona virus (COVID-19) management in pregnancy and childbirth. Arch Clin Infect Dis In Press(In Press):e102938. doi: 10.5812/archcid.102938.
Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health. The definition of COVID-19 infection suspects qualify to Patient Under Investigation: PUI. [Internet]. [cited 2020 October 30]. Available form: https://ddc.moph.go.th/viralpneumonia/file/g_srrt/g_srrt_230663.pdf. (in Thai).
The Royal Thai College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Management of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. [Internet]. [cited 2020 March 20]. Available from: http://www.rtcog.or.th/home/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CPG-Covid-Preg-20Mar20.pdf. (in Thai).
Torlone E, Sculli MA, Bonomo M, Benedetto AD, Cianni GD, Festa C et al. Recommendations and management of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy during COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020;22(166):108345.
Thangaratinam S, Saravanan P, Huda MSB, Murphy H, Williamson C. Guidance for maternal medicine services in the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: information for healthcare professionals. [Internet]. [cited 2020 March 20]. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/ documents/guidelines/2020-12-09-guidance-for-maternal-medicine-services-in-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.pdf.
Halscot T, Vaught J. Society for maternal-fetal medicine: management considerations for pregnant patients with COVID-19. [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mach 7]. Available from: https://s3. amazonaws.com/cdn.smfm.org/media/2334/SMFM_COVID_Management_of_COVID_pos_preg_patients_4-29-20_final.pdf.
Krenitsky NM, Spiegelman J, Sutton D, Syeda S, Moroz L. Primed for a pandemic: implementation of telehealth outpatient monitoring for women with mild COVID-19. Semin Perinatol 2020;44(7):151285.
Dahal PK, Hosseinzadeh H. Association of health literacy and diabetes self-management: a systematic review. Aust J Prim Health 2019;25(6):526-33.
Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into 21st century. Health Promotion International 2000;15(3):259-67.
Yee LM, Niznik CM, Simon MA. Examining the role of health literacy in optimizing the care of pregnant women with diabetes. Am J Perinatol 2016;33(13):1242-9.
Choeisuwan V. Health literacy: concept and application for nursing practice. Royal Thai Navy Medical Journal 2017;44(3):183-97. (in Thai).
Sosome B, Potchana R. Using the teach-back method and pictogram with cultural sensitivity: an approach for enhancing health literacy among gestational diabetes patients. The Southern College Journal of Nursing and Public Health 2021;8(1):321-26. (in Thai).
Zoellner JM, Hedrick VE, You W, Chen Y, Davy BM, Porter KJ, et al. Effects of a behavioral and health literacy intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened beverages: a randomized-controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016;13(38):1-12.
Porter K, Chen Y, Estabrook P, Noel L, Bailey A, Zoellner J. Using teach-back to understand participant behavioral self-monitoring skills across health literacy level and behavioral condition. J Nutr Educ Behav 2016;48(1):20-6.
Craemer KA, Sampene E, Safda N, Antony KM, Wautlet CK. Nutrition and exercise strategies to prevent excessive pregnancy weight gain: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Perinatology Report 2019;9(1):e92-120.
Markovic TP, Muirhead R, Overs S, Ross GP, Louie JCY, Kizirian N. et al. Randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a low– glycemic index diet on pregnancy outcomes in women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: The GI baby 3 study. Diabetes Care 2016:39(1):31-8. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0572.