Factors Affecting Health Care Behaviors of the Elderly among Urban Community in Bangkok
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Abstract
This research aimed to study factors affecting health care behaviors of the elderly among urban community in Bangkok. The participants were 2,615 elderly people selected using multistage random sampling method. The research instrument was the questionnaire that included: 1) demographic data, 2) health care behaviors, 3) perceived self-efficacy, 4) social support, and 5) health literacy. The questionnaire was validated by 5 experts. The item objective congruence was between 0.60 - 1. The content validity index was 0.91 and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were 0.95, 0.90, 0.93, and 0.91, respectively. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics including percentage, mean and standard deviation, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.
The results revealed as follows: 1) The overall level of health care behaviors for the elderly was in the moderate level (Mean = 3.33, SD = 0.89). 2) The self-efficacy and social support were at the high level (Mean = 3.79, SD = 0.70, Mean = 3.96, SD = 0.67), respectively. The health literacy was at moderate level (Mean = 3.37, SD = 0.77). All of variables can predict health care behaviors for the elderly at 53.20% (R2 = .532, p = .003). This study suggests that the health care providers should promote health care behaviors of the elderly among urban community in Bangkok with an emphasis on health literacy, social support, and self-efficacy.
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