The Effects of the Smoking Cessation Program applying the Social Cognitive Theory among Naval Rating Students at Naval Education Department, Royal Thai Navy
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Abstract
The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to examine the effects of smoking cessation program to quit smoking applying the Social Cognitive Theory. The sample were 68 Naval Rating students who were currently smokers from Naval Education Department, Royal Thai Navy. They were divided into the experimental and the control groups of 34 students each and these students intended to quit smoking at the stage of preparation. The program was conducted over a period of 8 weeks. The experimental group received the smoking cessation program applying the Social Cognitive Theory. The program consisted of activities for creating smoke-free zone environments, knowledge and skills training to quit smoking, building their self-efficacy, and outcome expectation of quitting smoking. The control group received knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking and smoking cessation. Data collection was done at pre and post intervention stage on the 4th and 8th week by self-administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including Chi-square test, Independent t-test, Z-test and Repeated measures ANOVA.
The results revealed that, after the smoking cessation program at the 4th and 8th week, the experimental group had significantly increased their knowledge of quitting smoking, perception on self-efficacy, outcome expectation to quit smoking, and able to quit smoking continuously for more than 7 days higher than at the pre-intervention phase than the comparison group (p < .001). Besides, 21 in 34 smokers of experimental group were able to stop smoking at the 4th week, at 61.8%. Then, 7 smokers of this group were able to stop smoking at the 8th week. In total, 28 smokers successfully quitted smoking at 82.4%. When comparing the proportion of smoking cessation in both periods, the experimental group had a significantly higher smoking cessation rate than the control group (Z < .001). Therefore, the theoretical based smoking cessation program applying the Social Cognitive Theory could be applied to help stop smoking for Naval Rating students as well as other military academies.
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