Development of a Surveillance System for Visual Impairments Among Grade 1 Primary School Students in Maha Sarakham Province

Abstract

Purposes : This study aimed to develop and evaluate a surveillance system for visual impairments among Grade 1 primary school students in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand.

Study design : An action research approach.

Materials and Methods : An action research approach was employed and structured into three phases: (1) situation analysis, (2) system development, and (3) system evaluation. The research process was guided by the PAOR (Plan–Act–Observe–Reflect) framework in collaboration with local stakeholders. Research instruments included a vision screening guideline, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Data collection tools comprised student health records, vision screening forms, and the Vision2020 program. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to typological and thematic analysis.

Main finding : Phase 1: The situational analysis revealed that the previous practices lacked continuity, systematic coordination, and effective communication tools. Phase 2: The developed surveillance system consisted of four components: (1) management system, (2) personnel capacity building, (3) standardized screening and referral system, and (4) information and reporting system. Phase 3: The evaluation in the academic year 2024 demonstrated that 85.31% of Grade 1 students underwent vision screening, with 2.26% identified with visual impairments. Among these, 82.12% received appropriate corrective eyeglasses. Myopia was the most prevalent condition, followed by hyperopia and astigmatism. Furthermore, the developed system enhanced inter-agency collaboration and ensured continuity of services.

Conclusion and recommendations : The development of a surveillance system for visual impairments among primary school students improved screening coverage, facilitated early detection and referral, and fostered sustainable intersectoral collaboration. This model demonstrates scalability and applicability for provincial and national implementation.