Development of a Model for Mental Health Promotion in the Elderly in Communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province
Keywords:
model, mental health promotion, elderly, communitiesAbstract
Given the aging population and the rise in physical and mental health issues, community preparedness is essential. Mental health promotion among the elderly is a process of empowerment and mental health development. This research and development design research aimed to study the mental health situation of the elderly, develop a mental health promotion model, and evaluate the effectiveness of model among the elderly in communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The study consisted of three steps: 1) surveying the mental health situation of the elderly at the village level, recruiting a stratified sample of 417 people, and holding focus group discussions with 25 stakeholders; 2) constructing and developing a mental health promotion model for the elderly validated by five experts; and 3) testing and evaluating the effectiveness of the model. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in two groups. A purposive sample of 28 elderly people and 28 caregivers (total 56 people) was purposively selected, with 14 people from each participant group placed in the experimental group and 14 in the control group. The research instruments included a community mental health promotion model for the elderly, a questionnaire, and a focus group manual. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, paired t-tests, and content analysis.
The results revealed that most of the elderly had no mental health problems. The mental health promotion activity model covered all dimensions by using Pender's health promotion concepts, social support, learner-centeredness, and experiential learning. The activity model consisted of 2 parts: 10 mental health promotion activities for the elderly and 5 activities providing knowledge about mental health promotion for elderly relatives. The mental health scores of the experimental group after using the model decreased significantly at the .05 level, indicating that the mental health of the elderly participants improved. The elderly were satisfied with the activity model at a good level, and the knowledge scores about mental health promotion of elderly relatives in the experimental group were significantly higher after using the model than before using it at the .05 level. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses apply the mental health promotion model to promote mental health of the elderly in the local context.
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