中药:大自然馈赠给人类的健康瑰宝

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周 少华

摘要

中医药是中国的传统医学,是中华传统文化的瑰宝,中药用于治疗疾病到至今已有几千年的历史。道地药材和中药炮制是中药最突出的特点。道地药材的分类有多种方法,但是按照区域来分,可分成10个道地药材区,分别为:川药、广药、云药、贵药、淮药、浙药、关药、北药、西药以及南药。此外,中药还分为自然生长和家种,以及包含两个影响中药质量的因素,第一个因素是中药采收(包括:采收正确的种类、用药部位、采收的年龄、时间以及采收的季节等),第二个因素是中药炮制,中药炮制包括了产地初加工和采用特殊的炮制方法。中药炮制的目的是为了得到质量好的中药材,降低或者消除药物的毒性和副作用、改变或缓和药物的性味、改变药物作用的部位或增强对某部位的作用、引药归经、增强疗效、便于调剂和制剂、洁净药物,利于贮藏保管和利于服用。这些符合质量要求和安全的中药材一直被延续使用到至今。

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参考

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