Obstructive Sleep Apnea Prevalence, Upper Airway Dimensions, and Sleep Parameters in Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery with Different Vertical Skeletal Patterns
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Abstract
Background: Craniofacial morphology’s relationship with airway dimensions has been extensively studied. Despite this, evidence regarding obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) prevalence and differences in airway dimensions among vertical skeletal patterns in skeletal Class III malocclusion patients undergoing orthognathic surgery is limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence of OSA and compare upper airway dimensions and sleep parameters among skeletal Class III patients with different vertical skeletal patterns. Materials and methods: The study involved 98 adult patients (39 male and 59 female) with skeletal Class III malocclusions undergoing orthognathic surgery. Patients were divided into three groups according to vertical skeletal patterns: high-angle (SN-GoGn > 33°; 47 patients), low-angle (SN-GoGn < 25°; 20 patients), and normal-angle (SN-GoGn 25-33°; 31 patients) groups. OSA prevalence and sleep parameters, including the apnea-hypopnea index and lowest oxygen saturation, were assessed using a portable level III polysomnography device. Cone beam computed tomography was performed, and upper airway dimensions, including nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and total upper airway volumes and minimum cross-sectional area, were measured using Dolphin Imaging software. Group differences were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (P < 0.05). Results: The prevalence of OSA among skeletal Class III malocclusion patients was 11 of 98 (11.22 %). Upper airway dimensions and sleep parameters did not differ significantly among vertical skeletal pattern groups. Conclusion: Despite a comparable OSA prevalence in skeletal Class III patients, screening for OSA is crucial in those with Class III malocclusion undergoing mandibular setback surgery, irrespective of vertical patterns.
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