Incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients with gynecologic malignancy

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication and morbidity and increase mortality. VTE, also known as pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The incidence of VTE in patients with gynecologic malignancy is higher than other cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of DVT in patients with gynecologic malignancy. This retrospective descriptive study was conducted between Oct 1, 2022-Sep 30, 2023 in patients with gynecologic malignancy who underwent venous Doppler ultrasound of lower extremities at Ubonratchathani cancer hospital. The medical records of enrolled patients were reviewed including age, BMI, underlying disease, diagnosis, history of chemotherapy, previous radiation, location of DVT, symptomatic or asymptomatic of DVT and treatment. Total number of patients with gynecologic malignancy at Ubonratchathani cancer hospital was 2,388 patients. There were 48 gynecologic patients who underwent venous Doppler ultrasound of lower extremities. Only 29 patients with gynecologic malignancy were enrolled in this study. We found 11 patients with DVT. The incidence of DVT in patients with gynecologic malignancy in this study was 37.93%. Most of DVT were found in cervical cancer (63.64%), the second from endometrial cancer (27.27%). The most common histologic cell type in this study were adenocarcinoma (54.54%) and the second were squamous cell carcinoma (27.27%). Most of patients were advanced stage and presented with leg edema. Common location of DVT were common femoral vein (CFV) and superficial femoral vein (SFV). The patients with gynecologic malignancy have a higher risk of DVT. Therefore, increased awareness in cancer patients may prevent VTE and decreased morbidity and mortality.