Characteristics of Metal Fumes from Total and Respirable Dust Sampling Methods During Arc Welding in Flat Position
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Abstract
Welding is widely used in diverse sectors, including industrial process and general metal repair works. Exposure to welding fumes causes health impacts ranging from acute and chronic effects. This descriptive research aimed to study concentrations of metal fume exposures and morphology during arc welding in flat position. Four male professional welders with the certificate of standard test industrial technician level 1 participated this study. Their work experience was 17.33 ± 11.37 years. Following the experimental procedure, each subject performed a shielded metal arc welding of carbon steel (SS400) with groove butt joint and bead weld method. During welding, personal air samplings of total dust (NOSH#0500) and respirable dust (NOSH#0600) were collected at welders’ breathing zone. The filters of air sampling were analyzed using ICP-MS for 8 metal fumes: Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn and Zn. Moreover, metal fumes generated from the welding processes were collected on a nucleopore membrane filter to analyze metal fume morphology including particle size and chemical element composition using FESEM-EDX. The results showed that concentrations of total 8 metal fumes from the total and respirable dust sampling were 1.12 ± 0.37 and 0.51 ± 0.78 mg/m3, respectively. High metal fume concentrations in total dust were Fe (0.98 mg/m3), Mn (0.10 mg/m3) and Zn (0.02 mg/m3) that were higher 2.27, 1.66 and 2.41 times respectively, when compared to those in respirable dust. For morphology analysis, fumes were typically arranged as chain-like agglomerates of ultrafine and nanoparticles. High percentage of element composition were C, O and Fe. In addition, metal trace elements including Mn and Si were observed.
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