A Survey on Baby Carrier Use and Its Impact on Musculoskeletal Injuries

Abstract

Baby carriers provide convenience for caregivers during various activities while holding an infant. However, the infant’s weight can affect malalignment or poor posture and muscle imbalance, potentially leading to musculoskeletal disorders. Baby carriers are widely used in different styles and by users of various ages and genders. This study aimed to investigate the types of baby carriers used and musculoskeletal symptoms associated with their usage. Data were collected through semi-structured telephone interviews, and descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Fitty-two participants, aged 19–62 years (mean age 31.40 ± 8.58 years), were included. The average user weight was 59.75 ± 11.65 kg. Women (80.77%) used baby carriers more frequently than men (19.23%), with mothers being the primary caregivers (55.77%), followed by fathers and other caregivers (15.38% each). The average duration of baby carrier use was 30–60 minutes per session, depending on daily activities such as walking or shopping. The most commonly used structure baby carrier H-hip type was the structured carrier with an integrated seat (86.11%). Most users carried their infants in a front-carrying position with a forward-facing orientation. The average infant weight was 4–11 kg, corresponding to ages 3–15 months. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 94.44% of participants and assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) 0-10. The highest pain levels occurred while using the baby carrier, reaching a moderate level (NRS = 4.69 ± 1.26). However, pain significantly decreased to a mild level (NRS = 2.71 ± 1.27) immediately after the carrier was removed. The most commonly affected areas were the lower back, neck and shoulders, scapular region, and other areas in descending order. In conclusion, most baby carrier users preferred structured carriers, carrying infants in a front-facing position. Prolonged use for 30–60 minutes resulted in moderate pain, primarily in the lower back and neck-shoulder region. However, pain levels decreased to a mild level immediately upon removal.