The Relationship Between Work-Related Factors and COVID-19-Related Factors and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Healthcare Personnel During The COVID-19 Pandemic at a Hospital in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare professionals worldwide due to the increasing number of infected patients. Healthcare workers face heavier workloads, directly affecting both their physical and mental health. This cross-sectional research study utilized the DASS-21 questionnaire with 245 healthcare personnel at a hospital in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province during the COVID-19 outbreak.
The research findings revealed that the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers at the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic were 29.4%, 37.6%, and 16.7%, respectively. The research found that depression was statistically significantly associated (p<0.05) with department of work, contact with confirmed cases, residence in high-risk areas, concerns about transmitting infection from workplace to home, and social stigma. Meanwhile, anxiety showed statistically significant relationships (p<0.05) with department of work, working hours, work-related risks for COVID-19 infection, history of COVID-19 infection, residence in high-risk areas, and social stigma. Regarding stress, statistically significant associations (p<0.05) were found with working hours, contact with confirmed cases, work-related risks for COVID-19 infection, residence in high-risk areas, and social stigma.
This study highlights the necessity of developing mental health support systems for healthcare personnel, especially for high-risk groups such as those working in departments with direct patient contact or those with extended working hours. Additionally, measures should be implemented to reduce social stigma, including providing safe accommodation for healthcare personnel residing in high-risk areas. The establishment of occupationally safe environments and coupled with psychosocial support to healthcare represents a critical determinant in sustaining healthcare system efficacy during infectious disease outbreaks.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Journal of Safety and Health is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, unless otherwise stated.
References
ชาริณี อิ่มนาง, สิริรัตน์ ตรีพุทธรัตน์, เทพกร สาธิตการมณี และลำไย แสบงบาล. (2564). ความเครียดของบุคลากรด้านวิสัญญีในโรงพยาบาลศรีนครินทร์ ในสถานการณ์ที่เกิดการระบาดของโรค Covid-19. ศรีนครินทร์เวชสาร, 36(3), 347-352.
พัชราภรณ์ ตะริโย. (2568). สถานการณ์การตรวจพบสายพันธุ์ของเชื้อไวรัสโควิด–19 และอาการทางคลินิกของผู้ติดเชื้อไวรัสโควิด-19 จําแนกตามสายพันธุ์ที่ตรวจพบในโรงพยาบาลนครพิงค์ จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ระหว่างปี พ.ศ. 2564-2566. วารสารโรงพยาบาลนครพิงค์, 16(1), 79-92.
ศูนย์บริหารสถานการณ์โควิด-19. (2565, 2 เมษายน). สถานการณ์ โรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนา 2019. https://media.thaigov.go.th/uploads/public_img/source/020465.pdf
สำนักงานปลัดกระทรวงสาธารณสุข, กองสาธารณสุขฉุกเฉิน. (2565). รายงานการถอดบทเรียนการเตรียมความพร้อมรองรับการระบาดของโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสโคโรนา 2019 (COVID-19) ระดับเขตสุขภาพ. มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล, https://mahidol.ac.th/documents/covid19.pdf.
สำนักงานสถิติจังหวัดพระนครศรีอยุธยา. (2564). รายงานวิเคราะห์สถานการณ์การแพร่ระบาดโรคโควิด-19 จังหวัดพระนครศรีอยุธยา พ.ศ. 2564. สำนักงานสถิติแห่งชาติ, https://www.nso.go.th/nsoweb/storage/survey_detail/2023/20230505161938_78311.pdf.
Alnazly, E., Khraisat, O. M., Al-Bashaireh, A. M., & Bryant, C. L. (2021). Anxiety, depression, stress, fear and social support during COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian healthcare workers. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0247679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247679
Alshekaili, M., Hassan, W., Said, N. A., Sulaimani, F. A., Jayapal, S. K., Al-Mawali, A., Chan, M. F., Mahadevan, S., & Al-Adawi, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes across healthcare settings in Oman during COVID-19: frontline versus non-frontline healthcare workers. BMJ Open, 10(10), e042030. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042030
Aly, H. M., Nemr, N. A., Kishk, R. M., & Elsaid, N. M. a. B. (2021). Stress, anxiety and depression among healthcare workers facing COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt: a cross-sectional online-based study. BMJ Open, 11(4), e045281. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045281
Arafa, A., Mohammed, Z., Mahmoud, O., Elshazley, M., & Ewis, A. (2020). Depressed, anxious, and stressed: What have healthcare workers on the frontlines in Egypt and Saudi Arabia experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic?. Journal of Affective Disorders, 278, 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.080
Asnakew, S., Amha, H., & Kassew, T. (2021). Mental health adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in North West Ethiopia: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 17, 1375–1384. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s306300
Chinvararak, C., Kerdcharoen, N., Pruttithavorn, W., Polruamngern, N., Asawaroekwi soot, T., Munsukpol, W., & Kirdchok, P. (2022). Mental health among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. PLoS ONE, 17(5), e0268704. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268704
Lemeshow, S., Hosmer, D. W. Jr., Klar, J., & Lwanga, S. K. (1990). Adequacy of sample size in health studies. John Wiley & Sons.
Liu, C., Yang, Y., Zhang, X., Xu, X., Dou, Q., Zhang, W., & Cheng, A. S. K. (2020). The prevalence and influencing factors in anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional survey. Epidemiology and Infection, 148, e98. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268820001107
Lovibond, S., Lovibond, P., Lovibond, S., & Lovibond, P. (1995). Psychology Foundation of Australia. Psychology Foundation of Australia, https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=94df2470-a62a-44f5-aa35-f77e5794c225.
Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936
Mosolova, E., Chung, S., Sosin, D., & Mosolov, S. (2020). Stress and anxiety among healthcare workers associated with covid-19 pandemic in russia. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(3-4), 549–556. https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2020.549
Mustikasari, M., Fadhillah, H., Sunadi, A., Nursalam, N., Mediawati, A. S., & Adam, M. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on psychological and social stigma for Indonesian nurses: a Cross-Sectional survey. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt. 2022.895788
Nayak, B. S., Sahu, P. K., Ramsaroop, K., Maharaj, S., Mootoo, W., Khan, S., & Extavour, R. M. (2021). Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress among healthcare workers of Trinidad and Tobago during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(4), e044397. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044397
Oei, T. P. S., Sawang, S., Goh, Y. W., & Mukhtar, F. (2013). Using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 (DASS‐21) across cultures. International Journal of Psychology, 48(6), 1018–1029. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.755535
Sarwar, M. A. A., & Sarwar, H. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare professionals. Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 30(01), 83. https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2020.supp1.s83
Tengilimoglu, D., Zekioglu, A., Tosun, N., Isık, O., & Tengilimoglu, O. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic period on depression, anxiety and stress levels of the healthcare employees in Turkey. Legal Medicine, 48, 101811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101811
WebMD Editorial Contributor. (2023, September 20). How does mental health affect physical health?. WebMD, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/how-does-mental-health-affect-physical-health.
Wilasang, C., Modchang, C., Lincharoen, T., & Chadsuthi, S. (2020). Estimation of excess All-Cause mortality due to COVID-19 in Thailand. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 7(7), 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7070116
World Rugby Passport. (n.d.). World Rugby Passport - Appendix 2 - Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS 21). https://passport.world.rugby/player-welfare-medical/mindset-a-mental-health-resource-for-team-doctors/appendices/appendix-2-depression-anxiety-stress-scales-dass-21/.
Xing, L., Xu, M., Sun, J., Wang, Q., Ge, D., Jiang, M., Du, W., & Li, Q. (2020). Anxiety and depression in frontline health care workers during the outbreak of Covid-19. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 67(6), 656-663. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020968119
