Factors Associated with Sick Building Syndrome among Hospital Workers

Abstract

This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to investigate factors associate with Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) among hospital workers (n=159). Data were collected using questionnaires and air quality measurement devices, including the TSI Q-Trak 7575 for carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, the TSI VelociCalc 9565-P for air velocity, and the TSI DustTrak DRX Aerosol Monitor for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics (e.g., frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, median, minimum, and maximum values) and inferential statistics (Multiple Logistic Regression). The results showed that the majority of workers were female, age between 30-49 years, with a bachelor's degree, and worked in nursing roles. The prevalence of SBS was 45.28%, with the highest occurrence of neurological symptoms (35.85%). Air quality measurements across 11 areas revealed four parameters failed to meet standards: temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter (PM_2.5), and particulate matter (PM₁₀). Statistically significant factors (p<0.05) associated with SBS included gender (female)  (p = 0.040), education level (p = 0.048), work overtime (p = 0.005), discomfort while working or being inside the building (p < 0.001), a history of chronic health conditions (p = 0.034), and exposure to PM_2.5 (p = 0.040). Workers in environments with these factors had a higher risk of developing SBS. The findings suggest that both personal and work-related factors, as well as the environmental conditions of the building, contribute to SBS symptoms among hospital workers. Regular monitoring and improvement of indoor air quality are recommended to improve the health and well-being of both workers and patients.