Biological Risk Factors of each Type of Developmental Delay among Children in Lampang Hospital
Keywords:
children with developmental delays, biological risk factors, maternal illness, children’s illnessAbstract
Objective: To identify risk factors affecting developmental delays in early childhood in Lampang Province to develop monitoring processes and promote age-appropriate development for children at risk of developmental delays. Methods: This retrospective case-control study collected data from the medical patient files of children with developmental delays whom developmental and behavioral pediatricians diagnosed and typically developing children born at the same time as children with developmental delays in Lampang Hospital, from 2 months to 5 years of age, from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021. Biological risk factors affecting developmental delay were identified by using multivariate risk difference regression analysis. Results: A total of 447 children were recruited for this study, divided into 149 children with developmental delays and 298 with typical development. Among children with delayed development, 57% have delayed language development. After risk difference regression analysis, the biological risk factors that were significantly associated with delayed development included males, history of birth asphyxia, microcephaly, more than five hospitalization days in the neonatal intensive care unit, hearing loss, malnutrition, twin pregnancy, maternal anemia, and maternal chorioamnionitis. Conclusion: Biological risk factors that affect developmental delays in children include maternal illness and malnutrition during pregnancy, perinatal complications, and children’s illness and nutritional status. Certain risk factors can be monitored and prevented to reduce developmental delays in early childhood. In addition, recognizing the risk factors for developmental delays can lead healthcare providers and parents to closely monitor developmental problems and promote the development of children with these risk factors from birth.
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