Effects of Coconut Cider Vinegar Gummy on Hunger, Satiety, and Sensory Acceptance in Overweight and Obese Individuals
Keywords:
coconut flower vinegar, gummy product, hunger, satiety, fullness, appetite, sensory acceptanceAbstract
Consuming fruit-based vinegar offers various health benefits. Thailand exports coconut products to various countries around the world. As a result, vinegar products have been developed using coconut flower sap and further refined into gummy form for consumer convenience. Studies have found a relationship between the consuming high-acetic acid fermented vinegar and an increased feeling of fullness. However, it remains unclear about the effects of coconut cider vinegar on satiety due to limited study. This study aimed to study levels of hunger, satiety, fullness, and appetite after consuming coconut cider vinegar gummy and coconut cider vinegar vegan gummy, and sensory acceptance. The research comprised two phases: 1) Hunger-satiety assessment 2) Sensory evaluation phase. Seventy-seven subjects who had body mass index (BMI) between 23 - 30 kg/m², consuming at least two main meals per day, and who were not vegetarians, were included and divided into four groups: 1) General gummy product group (control group), 2) Coconut cider vinegar gummy group (CCV group), 3) Coconut cider vinegar vegan gummy group (CCV vegan group), and 4) Apple cider vinegar gummy group (Positive control group). Each group consumed the gummy product twice daily (6-8 pieces per time). The assessment of hunger, satiety, fullness, and appetite was conducted using Visual Analog Scales. In the sensory evaluation phase, participants from previous phase were continued. They received all four formulas of gummy to assess sensory acceptance in terms of color, aroma, taste, aftertaste, and overall preference by using a 9-point hedonic scale. Results indicated that hunger scores significantly decreased in the CCV, CCV vegan, and ACV groups. Fullness and appetite scores significantly decreased in all four groups. Satiety significantly increased in the CCV, CCV vegan, and ACV groups. Additionally, The Coconut cider vinegar vegan gummy received the highest aroma and taste scores.
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