Development and Validation of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Prebiotic and Probiotic Intake among Thai Adults
Keywords:
Prebiotic, Probiotic, Semi-Food Frequency Questionnaire, Validity, ReliabilityAbstract
Prebiotics and probiotics have been widely recognized for health-promoting food components. However, there is a lack of culturally specific tools to assess dietary intake of these compounds in Thailand. This study aims to develop and validate a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (semi-FFQ) to assess prebiotic and probiotic intake among Thai adults. A 38-item semi-FFQ with nine frequency categories was developed and evaluated for content validity by five experts. Test-retest reliability was assessed longitudinally, and relative validity was compared with a three-day food record. A total of thirty Thai adults, aged 20 to 60 years, participated in test-retest reliability and relative validity assessments. The semi-FFQ exhibited strong content validity (item-level index ≥ 0.8 for 37 items; scale-level index = 0.97) and robust test-retest reliability (p-values < 0.05). It also demonstrated acceptable relative validity compared to the three-day food record (p-values > 0.05). Thus, the developed semi-FFQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing prebiotic and probiotic intake among Thai adults.
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