Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Germinated Small Red Bean (Vignaangularis) Extracts on Hyperglycemia Condition in Murine Macrophage Cell Line
Keywords:
Chronic inflammation, Hyperglycemia, Red bean germinationAbstract
Hyperglycemia has been associated with chronic inflammation that contributed to complications in diabetic patients. High blood glucose levels induce proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1b, IL-8 cytokines expression including intracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in several cell types. Small red bean (Vigna angularis) is a high nutritious legume. It contains several nutrients and phenolic compounds exhibiting many health benefits including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Seed germination is used to improve desirable nutrients and bioactive compounds. During germinated process, the biological changing of seed occurs for growth that might affect nutrient quantity and functional properties. Due to its high nutrients and bioactive compounds, this study aims to determine anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of methanol extract from germinated small red bean on hyperglycemia condition in mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells). RAW264.7 cells were culture in normal glucose condition (5.5 mM D-glucose), or high glucose condition (30 mM D-glucose) and co-treatment with germinated red bean extracts (0 or 24 h) at concentration 62.5, 125 and 250 µg/ml for 48 h. The total phenolic contents in germinated red bean extracts at 0 and 24 h were 12.62 ± 0.86 mg/g and 10.60 ± 1.55 mg/g dry weight, respectively. The results showed that high glucose activated RAW264.7 cells to secrete NO, TNF-α, and intracellular ROS compared with normal glucose condition. Co-treatment the germinated red bean extracts at 0 or 24 h significantly inhibited NO, TNF-α, and intracellular ROS producing by RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. Extract from germinated red bean at 0 h exhibited a greater anti-inflammatory activity than extract from 24 h which correlated with their phenolic contents in the extract. These results suggested that phenolic compounds in germinated small red bean may contribute to decrease proinflammatory mediators related with diabetic complications. However, the molecular mechanisms and animal study should be further explored.
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