โรคไข้เลือดออกกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศ : การประเมินความเปราะบางและการปรับตัวทางด้านสุขภาพ
คำสำคัญ:
การเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศ/ ไข้เลือดออก/ ความเปราะบางทางด้านสุขภาพ/ การปรับตัวบทคัดย่อ
การเปลี่ยนแปลงภูมิอากาศของโลกส่งผลกระทบต่อการดำเนินระบบนิเวศและสิ่งมีชีวิตในระบบนิเวศหลายแห่ง เช่นเดียวกันกับผลกระทบต่อสุขอนามัยของมนุษย์ หลักฐานปัจจุบันชี้ชัดว่าความแปรปรวนของสภาพภูมิอากาศโลก มีอิทธิพลโดยตรงต่อระบาดวิทยาของโรคที่เกิดจากพาหะนำโรคโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งโรคที่เกิดจากยุงเป็นพาหะ โรคไข้เลือดออก เป็นโรคติดต่อที่มียุงลายเป็นพาหะนำโรค ทั่วโลกพบอุบัติการณ์ของโรคเพิ่มขึ้น 30 เท่า ในช่วง 50 ปีที่ผ่านมา ดังนั้นการทำความเข้าใจถึงผลกระทบจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงและความเปราะบางทางด้านสุขภาพกับการระบาดของโรคไข้เลือดออก จึงมีความสำคัญอย่างยิ่งต่อการวางแผนการรับมือกับการระบาดของโรค รวมถึงการยกระดับขีดความสามารถในการปรับตัวทางด้านสุขภาพของชุมชนเพื่อลดผลกระทบดังกล่าว ซึ่งต้องอาศัยความร่วมมือของทุกภาคส่วน เป็นความท้าทายอย่างยิ่งของบุคลากรทางการแพทย์และสาธารณสุขภายใต้ความเสี่ยงจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศ ดังนั้นบทความนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อนำเสนอประเด็นวิธีการในการประเมินความเปราะบางของสภาพภูมิอากาศและสุขภาพ
References
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Apiwathnasorn C. (2012). Climate change and mosquito vectors. The Journal of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 35(2), 78-85.
Basu R., & BD Ostro. (2008). A multicounty analysis identifying the populations vulnerable to mortality during heat episodes: a structured review. International Journal of Epidemiology,168, 632-637.
Brunkard, J., Namulanda. G., & Ratard, R. (2008). Hurricane Katrina deaths, Louisiana, 2005. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 215-223. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/DMP.0b013e31818aaf55.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Climate Effects on Health. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/effects/.
Cook, J.T., & Frank, D.A. (2008). Food security, poverty, and human development in the United States. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136,193-209.
Ebi, K.L, & Nealon, J. (2016). Dengue in a changing climate. Environmental Research, 151, 115-123. PMID:27475051.
Evelyn, J.M, Charles, K.N, & Patricia, M. (2017). Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions and Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability in Kitui County, Kenya. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, doi: 10.4172/2157-7617.1000389.
Ford, J.D. (2009). Vulnerability of Inuit food systems to food insecurity as a consequence of climate change: A case study from Igloolik, Nunavut. Regional Environmental Change, 9(2), 83-100.
Friel, S., Marmot, M., McMichel. A.J., Kjellstrom T, & Vagero D. (2008). Global health equity and climate stabilisation: a common agenda, Lancet, 372(9650), 1677-1683. PMID: 18994666.
Frumkin, H., & Mc Michaet, A.J. (2008). Climate change and public health: thinking, communicating, acting, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35, 403-410. PMID: 18929964.
Gamble, J.L., Hurley, B.J., Schultz, P.A., Jaglom, W.S., Krishnan, N., & Harris, M. (2013).Climate change and older Americans: state of the science. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121, 15-22. PMID: 23033457.
Gibbons, R.V., & Vaughn, D.W. (2002). Dengue: An Escalating Problem. BMJ, 324 (7353), 1563-1566. PMID:12089096.
Gubler, D.J. (2002). Epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century. Trends in Microbiology. 10(2), 100-103. PMID:11827812.
Gubler, D.J. (2003). Aedes albopictus in Africa. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3, 751–752.
Hii, Y.L., Rocklöv, J., Ng, N., Tang, C.S., Pang, F.Y., & Sauerborn, R. (2009). Climate variability and increase in intensity and magnitude of dengue incidence in Singapore. Global Health Action. 2.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2001). Climate change 2001: third assessment report, impacts, adaptations and vulnerability of climate change. Mc Carthy, J.J. et al. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Johansson MA, Cummings DA, Glass GE (2009). Multiyear climate variability and dengue: El Nino southern oscillation, weather, and dengue incidence in Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Thailand – a longitudinal data analysis, PLOS Medicine. 6:e1000168.
Kjellstrom, T., Holmer, I., & Lemke, B. (2009). Workplace heat stress, health and productivity- an increasing challenge for low and middle-income countries during climate change. Global Health Action, 2, 6. Available from: https://doi:10.3402/gha.v2i0.2047.
Lambrechts, L., Scott. T.W., & Gubler, D.J. (2010). Consequences of the expanding global distribution of Aedes albopictus for dengue virus transmission. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 4:e646.
Liu-Helmersson, J., Stenlund, H., Wilder-Smith, A., & Rocklöv J. (2014). Vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti: effects of temperature and implications for global dengue epidemic potential. PLoS One. 9:e89783.
Lutsey, P.L., Pereira, M.A., Bertoni, A.G., Kandula, N.R. and Jacobs, D.R. (2010). Interactions between race/ethnicity and anthropometry in risk of incident diabetes. American Journal of Epidemiology, 172(2), 197-204. PMID:20570825.
Malik, S.M., Awan, H., & Khan, N. (2012). Mapping vulnerability to climate change and its repercussion on human health in Pakistan. Global Health, 8:31. doi:10.1186/1744-8603-831.
Monirul Alam., Khorshed Alam, & Shahbaz Mushtaq. (2017). Climate Change Perceptions and Local Adaptation Strategies of Hazard-Prone Rural Households in Bangladesh. G.M. Climate Risk Management. doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.06.006.
Morin, C., Comrie, A., & Ernst, K. (2013). Climate and Dengue Transmission: Evidence and Implications. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121,11-12, Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306556.
Ostro, B., Rauch, S., Green, R., Malig, B., & Basu, R. (2010). The effects of temperature and use of air conditioning on hospitalizations. American Journal of Epidemiology, 172(9), 1053-1061. PMID: 20829270.
Patz, J.A., McGeehin, M.A., Bernard, S.M., Ebi, K.L., Epstein, P.R., Grambsch, A., et al. (2001). The potential health impacts of climate variability and change for the United States: Executive summary of the report of the health sector of the U.S. National Assessment. Journal of Environmental Health, 64(2), 20-28.
Perera, F.P. (2008). Children are likely to suffer most from our fossil fuel addiction. Environmental Health Perspectives,116, 987-90.
Reid, C.E., O'Neill, M.S., Gronlund, C.J., Brines, S.J., Brown, D.G., Diez-Roux, A.V., & Schwartz, J. (2009). Mapping community determinants of heat vulnerability. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(11), 1730-1736. DOI:10.1289/ehp.0900683.
Samson, L., Berteaux, D., McGill, B.J., & Humphries, M.M. (2011). Geographic disparities and moral hazards in the predicted impacts of climate change on human populations. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20, 532-44.
Semenza, J.C., Sudre, B., Miniota, J., Rossi, M., Hu, W., Kossowsky, D., et al. (2014). International dispersal of dengue through air travel: Importation risk for Europe. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8 (12), e3278.
World Health Organization. (2002). The world health report 2002. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2016). “Climate change and health”. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/.
World Health Organization. (2016). Global alert and response -impact of dengue. Available from: http://www.who.int/denguecontrol/disease/en/.
Wu, X., Y.Lu. S. Zhou, L.F., & Chen, B. Xu. (2016). Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: Empirical evidence and human adaptation. Environment International, 86, 14-23.
Xiao, H., Tian, H.Y., Gao, L.D., Liu, H.N., Duan, L.S., et al. (2014). Animal Reservoir, Natural and Socioeconomic Variations and the Transmission of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Chenzhou, China, 2006–2010. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(1), e2615. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002615.
Zhou, X., Yang, K., Wang, X., Hong, Q., Sun, L., Malone, J.B., Kristensen, T.K., Bergquist, N.R., & Utzinger, J. (2008). Potential impact of climate change on schistosomiasis transmission in China. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78, 188-194. Available from: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-007-9114-5.
Apiwathnasorn C. (2012). Climate change and mosquito vectors. The Journal of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 35(2), 78-85.
Basu R., & BD Ostro. (2008). A multicounty analysis identifying the populations vulnerable to mortality during heat episodes: a structured review. International Journal of Epidemiology,168, 632-637.
Brunkard, J., Namulanda. G., & Ratard, R. (2008). Hurricane Katrina deaths, Louisiana, 2005. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 215-223. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1097/DMP.0b013e31818aaf55.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Climate Effects on Health. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/effects/.
Cook, J.T., & Frank, D.A. (2008). Food security, poverty, and human development in the United States. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136,193-209.
Ebi, K.L, & Nealon, J. (2016). Dengue in a changing climate. Environmental Research, 151, 115-123. PMID:27475051.
Evelyn, J.M, Charles, K.N, & Patricia, M. (2017). Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions and Adaptations to Climate Change and Variability in Kitui County, Kenya. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, doi: 10.4172/2157-7617.1000389.
Ford, J.D. (2009). Vulnerability of Inuit food systems to food insecurity as a consequence of climate change: A case study from Igloolik, Nunavut. Regional Environmental Change, 9(2), 83-100.
Friel, S., Marmot, M., McMichel. A.J., Kjellstrom T, & Vagero D. (2008). Global health equity and climate stabilisation: a common agenda, Lancet, 372(9650), 1677-1683. PMID: 18994666.
Frumkin, H., & Mc Michaet, A.J. (2008). Climate change and public health: thinking, communicating, acting, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35, 403-410. PMID: 18929964.
Gamble, J.L., Hurley, B.J., Schultz, P.A., Jaglom, W.S., Krishnan, N., & Harris, M. (2013).Climate change and older Americans: state of the science. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121, 15-22. PMID: 23033457.
Gibbons, R.V., & Vaughn, D.W. (2002). Dengue: An Escalating Problem. BMJ, 324 (7353), 1563-1566. PMID:12089096.
Gubler, D.J. (2002). Epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century. Trends in Microbiology. 10(2), 100-103. PMID:11827812.
Gubler, D.J. (2003). Aedes albopictus in Africa. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3, 751–752.
Hii, Y.L., Rocklöv, J., Ng, N., Tang, C.S., Pang, F.Y., & Sauerborn, R. (2009). Climate variability and increase in intensity and magnitude of dengue incidence in Singapore. Global Health Action. 2.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2001). Climate change 2001: third assessment report, impacts, adaptations and vulnerability of climate change. Mc Carthy, J.J. et al. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Johansson MA, Cummings DA, Glass GE (2009). Multiyear climate variability and dengue: El Nino southern oscillation, weather, and dengue incidence in Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Thailand – a longitudinal data analysis, PLOS Medicine. 6:e1000168.
Kjellstrom, T., Holmer, I., & Lemke, B. (2009). Workplace heat stress, health and productivity- an increasing challenge for low and middle-income countries during climate change. Global Health Action, 2, 6. Available from: https://doi:10.3402/gha.v2i0.2047.
Lambrechts, L., Scott. T.W., & Gubler, D.J. (2010). Consequences of the expanding global distribution of Aedes albopictus for dengue virus transmission. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 4:e646.
Liu-Helmersson, J., Stenlund, H., Wilder-Smith, A., & Rocklöv J. (2014). Vectorial capacity of Aedes aegypti: effects of temperature and implications for global dengue epidemic potential. PLoS One. 9:e89783.
Lutsey, P.L., Pereira, M.A., Bertoni, A.G., Kandula, N.R. and Jacobs, D.R. (2010). Interactions between race/ethnicity and anthropometry in risk of incident diabetes. American Journal of Epidemiology, 172(2), 197-204. PMID:20570825.
Malik, S.M., Awan, H., & Khan, N. (2012). Mapping vulnerability to climate change and its repercussion on human health in Pakistan. Global Health, 8:31. doi:10.1186/1744-8603-831.
Monirul Alam., Khorshed Alam, & Shahbaz Mushtaq. (2017). Climate Change Perceptions and Local Adaptation Strategies of Hazard-Prone Rural Households in Bangladesh. G.M. Climate Risk Management. doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.06.006.
Morin, C., Comrie, A., & Ernst, K. (2013). Climate and Dengue Transmission: Evidence and Implications. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121,11-12, Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306556.
Ostro, B., Rauch, S., Green, R., Malig, B., & Basu, R. (2010). The effects of temperature and use of air conditioning on hospitalizations. American Journal of Epidemiology, 172(9), 1053-1061. PMID: 20829270.
Patz, J.A., McGeehin, M.A., Bernard, S.M., Ebi, K.L., Epstein, P.R., Grambsch, A., et al. (2001). The potential health impacts of climate variability and change for the United States: Executive summary of the report of the health sector of the U.S. National Assessment. Journal of Environmental Health, 64(2), 20-28.
Perera, F.P. (2008). Children are likely to suffer most from our fossil fuel addiction. Environmental Health Perspectives,116, 987-90.
Reid, C.E., O'Neill, M.S., Gronlund, C.J., Brines, S.J., Brown, D.G., Diez-Roux, A.V., & Schwartz, J. (2009). Mapping community determinants of heat vulnerability. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117(11), 1730-1736. DOI:10.1289/ehp.0900683.
Samson, L., Berteaux, D., McGill, B.J., & Humphries, M.M. (2011). Geographic disparities and moral hazards in the predicted impacts of climate change on human populations. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20, 532-44.
Semenza, J.C., Sudre, B., Miniota, J., Rossi, M., Hu, W., Kossowsky, D., et al. (2014). International dispersal of dengue through air travel: Importation risk for Europe. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8 (12), e3278.
World Health Organization. (2002). The world health report 2002. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2016). “Climate change and health”. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs266/en/.
World Health Organization. (2016). Global alert and response -impact of dengue. Available from: http://www.who.int/denguecontrol/disease/en/.
Wu, X., Y.Lu. S. Zhou, L.F., & Chen, B. Xu. (2016). Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: Empirical evidence and human adaptation. Environment International, 86, 14-23.
Xiao, H., Tian, H.Y., Gao, L.D., Liu, H.N., Duan, L.S., et al. (2014). Animal Reservoir, Natural and Socioeconomic Variations and the Transmission of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Chenzhou, China, 2006–2010. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(1), e2615. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002615.
Zhou, X., Yang, K., Wang, X., Hong, Q., Sun, L., Malone, J.B., Kristensen, T.K., Bergquist, N.R., & Utzinger, J. (2008). Potential impact of climate change on schistosomiasis transmission in China. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78, 188-194. Available from: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-007-9114-5.
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