A Structural Equation Model of the Relationship between Planned Behavior and Entrepreneurial Orientation on Entrepreneurial Intention among Entrepreneurial Nurses at Nursing and Midwifery Clinics, Thailand
Keywords:
Entrepreneurial nurse, Planned behavior, Entrepreneurial orientation, Entrepreneurial intentionAbstract
This quantitative study aimed to examine the planned behavior, entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurial intention among entrepreneurial nurses, as well as to test the fit of a structural equation model (SEM) examining the structural pathways among these variables. The sample consisted of 364 entrepreneurial nurses operating nursing and midwifery clinics in Thailand, selected through stratified random sampling across 13 health regions, followed by systematic random sampling. The research instrument was a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire comprising a demographic section, a planned behavior section, an entrepreneurial orientation section, and an entrepreneurial intention section. The Content Validity Index was 1.00. Construct validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from .81 to .89, with an overall reliability of .91. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and structural equation modeling. The results showed that planned behavior (M = 4.39, SD = .41), entrepreneurial orientation (M = 4.02, SD = .48), and entrepreneurial intention (M = 4.45, SD = .51) were all at high levels. The structural equation model demonstrated a good fit with the empirical data (χ² = 16.591, p = .084, CMIN/df = 1.659, GFI = 0.989, AGFI= 0.960, CFI = 0.994, and RMSEA = 0.043). The planned behavior had a significant direct effect on entrepreneurial intention (β = .53, p < .001) and an indirect effect through entrepreneurial orientation (β = .15, p < .05). These findings suggest that strengthening planned behavior and entrepreneurial orientation, alongside supportive public policies, plays a key role in promoting entrepreneurial intention among nurses and supporting the sustainable delivery of primary healthcare services.
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