The Enhancement of Cancer’s Patients Happiness through the Integrative Individual Counseling Model
Keywords:
The happiness indicator, Patients with cancer, The Integrative Individual Counseling ModelAbstract
The purposes of this research as follows: 1) to develop a happiness indicator of patients with cancer; 2) to construct an integrative individual counseling model to enhance the happiness of patients with cancer; and 3) to compare the effects of integrative individual counseling model in enhancing the happiness of patients with cancer before, after participation, and after follow-up, using the integrative individual counseling model. The subjects of the study divided into two group, first group was comprised of patients with stage Two and Three cancer treated with radiation therapy or chemotherapy at the Inpatient Department of Hospital in Pathumthani Province, consisted of sixty-five patients with purposive sampling. The second group consisted of seven patients with cancer sampling from the first group that participated in the integrative individual counseling model. The research instruments was the happiness of patients with cancer, a five point Likert scale developing by Delphi technique with 18 the experts and the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient was 0.95. An integrative individual counseling model developing based on Corey's concept as a guideline for constructing an integrative individual counseling model with psychological techniques consisting of an initial stage, a working stage and a final stage. The data was analyzed with One-way repeated measures ANOVA. Data collection during January-July, 2018. The results of the study are as follows:
1. The development of the happiness indicator of patients with cancer using the Delphi technique. There were four dimensions including self-acceptance, positive emotion, the meaning of life awareness and social support, each dimension consisted of 15 items. There were sixty items. There were self-acceptance, positive emotion, and the meaning of life awareness. The median of self-acceptance was between 4.00-5.00 and the interquartile range was between 00-1.00.The median of positive emotion was between 4.00-5.00 and the interquartile range was between 0.00-1.00. The median of the meaning of life awareness was between 4.50-5.00 and the interquartile range was between 0.00-1.25 and the median of social support was 5.00 and the interquartile range was between 0.00-1.00. The Happiness indicator were used with sixty-five patients with cancer, the study showed that the total mean happiness scores of the patients were above average. Moreover, each dimension of the happiness of patients with cancer included self-acceptance, positive emotion and social support .The mean happiness scores of the meaning of life awareness dimension of patients with cancer was at the highest level.
2. The integrative individual counseling model was used to enhance the happiness of patients with cancer consisting of an initial stage, a working stage and a final stage.
3. The happiness scores of experiment group after participation higher than before participation and the happiness scores of experiment group after follow-up higher than before participation at different at a level of .05. The happiness scores of experiment group after participation and after follow-up were no different.
References
Butow, P. N., Fardell, J. E., & Smith, A. B. (2015). Fear of cancer recurrence: an overview and Australian perspective. Cancer Forum, 39(2), 95-100.
Chan, F., Berven, N. L., & Thomas, K. R. (2015). Counseling Theories and Techniques for Health Rehabilitation and Mental Professionals. (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
Corey, G. (2012). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
De Villiers, M.R., De Villiers, P.J & Kent, A. P. (2005). The Delphi technique in health sciences education research. Medical Teacher, 27(7), 639-643.
Dowlatabadi, M. M., Ahmadi, S. M., Sorbi, M. H., Beiki, O., Razavi, T. K., & Bidaki, R. (2016). The effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on depression and happiness in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial. Electronic Physician, 8(3), 2175-2180
Grassi, L., Travado, L., Gil, F., Sabato, S., Rossi, E., Tomamichel, M., Marmai, L., Biancosino, B., Nanni, M. G. (2010). Hopelessness and Related Variables Among Cancer Patients in the Southern European Psycho-Oncology Study (SEPOS). Psychosomatics, 51(3), 201-207.
Harris, R. (2007). The Happiness Trap : Stop Struggling Start Living. Australia: Exisle Publishing.
Hofman, M., Ryan, J.L., Figueroa-Moseley C.D., Jean-Pierre P., & Morrow, G.R. (2007). Cancer-Related Fatigue: The Scale of the Problem. The Oncologist, 12(suppl 1), 4–10.
Hsu, C., & Sandford, B. (2007). The Delphi Technique: Making Sense of Consensus. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, 12(10), 1-8.
Khan, F. A., Akhtar, S. S., & Sheikh, M. K. (2005). Cancer treatment-objective and quality of life issues. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 12(1), 3-5.
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing Happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 111-131.
Magyar-Moe, J. L., Owens, R. L., & Conoley, C. W. (2015). Positive Psychological Interventions in Counseling: What Every Counseling Psychologist Should Know. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(4), 508 –557.
Moyano-Díaz, E. (2016). Building the concept of happiness for adults from phenomenography. Universum, 31(2), 141-156.
National Cancer Institute. (2016). Radiation Therapy and You: Support for People with Cancer. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services: National Institutes of Health.
Ozdemiroglu, F., Memis, C. O., Meydan, N., Dogan, B., Kilic, S. M., Sevincok, L., & Karakus, K. (2017). Self-Esteem, Pain and Suicidal Thoughts in a Sample of Cancer Patients. Journal of Mood Disorders, 7(3), 156-162.
Petkova, M., Nikolov, V., Galabova, M., & Petrova, B. (2010). Psychological assessment of cancer patients with chronic pain. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 421–425.
Pinto, S., Caldeira, S., Martins, J.C. (2013). Cancer, Health Literacy, and Happiness: Perspectives from Patients under Chemotherapy. Nursing research and practice, 2013, 291767.
Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (1999). The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: Issues and analysis. International Journal of Forecasting, 15, 353-375.
Salkind, N. J. (2007). Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics. Thousand Oaks, SAGE Publication.
Schroevers, M. J., Helgeson, V. S., Sanderman R., & Ranchor, A. V. (2010). Type of social support matters for prediction of posttraumatic growth among cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 19(1), 46–53.
Sharf, R. S. (2012). Theories of psychotherapy & counseling: Concepts and cases. (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Weber, D., & O’Brien, K. (2017). Cancer and Cancer-Related Fatigue and the Interrelationships With Depression Stress and Inflammation. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 22(3), 502-512.
World Health Organization. (2015). Cancer Control: A Global Snapshot in 2015 Summary of Results from the 2015 WHO NCD Country Capacity Survey. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/cancer/cancer-snapshot-2015/en/.
World Health Organization. (2018). Cancer. Retrieved from http://www.who.int>News>Fact Sheet>Detail.
Yates, J. W., Chalmer, B. J., St James, P., Follansbee, M., & McKegney, F. P. (1981). Religion in Patients with Advanced Cancer. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 9(2), 121-128.
