The role of nurses in caring for low-risk acute myocardial infarction patients treated with Primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

This academic article aims to synthesize the roles of nurses in preventing complications and promoting cardiac rehabilitation among patients with low-risk acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (Primary PCI). Acute myocardial infarction is the most severe condition within the spectrum of acute coronary syndrome and is primarily caused by rupture of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries, leading to thrombus formation and coronary artery occlusion. Percutaneous coronary intervention is a highly effective treatment that enables rapid restoration of coronary blood flow. The average time from hospital arrival to coronary reperfusion is approximately 54 minutes, resulting in reduced disease severity, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay. Some patients can therefore be classified as low-risk and may be safely discharged within 48–72 hours. Nurses play a crucial role in patient care from the critical phase to the discharge preparation period. Nursing care can be divided into three phases: prevention of complications during the first 24 hours, initiation of cardiac rehabilitation and risk behavior modification within 24–48 hours, and continuation of cardiac rehabilitation and discharge preparation within 48–72 hours. Effective nursing roles in each phase contribute to reducing complications, promoting cardiac recovery, and preparing patients for discharge. These interventions may also reduce disease recurrence and enhance continuity and quality of patient care.