The effects of local pigmented glutinous rice extracts to prevent renal pathology and inflammation in rats induced by ethylene glycol
Keywords:
local pigmented glutinous rice, renal pathology, inflammation, ethylene glycolAbstract
Introduction: Kidney stones are a common urological disorder that has been increasing in incidence worldwide. Current treatment still has a recurrence rate of the disease. As an alternative, several studies of natural products have been reported for the treatment and prevention of kidney stone disease. However, reports specific to local pigmented glutinous rice are still limited.
Objective: To investigate the effects of local pigmented glutinous rice extracts on renal pathology and inflammation, as induced by ethylene glycol on rats.
Methods: Male rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 was the control group, and received normal drinking water for four weeks. Group 2 was the ethylene glycol group, and received normal drinking water for two weeks, followed by 0.5% ethylene glycol for another 2 weeks. Group 3 was fed potassium citrate daily, at a dose of 100 mg/kg via gastric intubation for two weeks. Groups 4 and 5 were each fed a variety of glutinous rice daily – black glutinous rice and Sung Yod glutinous rice respectively, at a dose of 200 mg/kg by gastric intubation for two weeks. After two weeks of gastric intubation, groups 3-5 received 0.5% ethylene glycol for an
additional two weeks. The samples were then collected for pH, calcium oxalate, BUN and creatinine analyses. Pathohistological and MCP-1 and IL-6 expressions in the subject’s renal tissue were also observed. Statistical analysis with ANOVA at p<0.05.
Results: The potassium citrate, black glutinous rice and Sung Yod glutinous rice-treated groups exhibited a significant increase in pH levels at week 3, as compared to the ethylene glycol group; however, the levels returned to normal at week 4, as compared to the control group. The amount of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals in urine samples were reduced by treatment with black glutinous rice and Sung Yod glutinous rice extracts. The levels of BUN and creatinine in the serum of all groups were within normal ranges, as compared with standard ranges. Pathological changes in the renal tissue (including distal tubular dilation, flattened renal tubular cells, and nuclear condensation, as well as the expression of MCP-1 and IL-6) were reduced by treatment with black glutinous rice and Sung Yod glutinous rice extracts, as compared with the ethylene glycol group.
Conclusion: Local pigmented glutinous rice extracts improved the pH and calcium oxalate crystals in urine. They also proved to have a protective effect on the ethylene glycol-induced inflammation and renal pathology.
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