Increasing of risk in bone loss among people living with HIV and It principle of nutritional care process
Keywords:
HIV, Bone, Food, PLHIVAbstract
People living with HIV (PLHIV) are needed to receiving the antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) to suppress the viral load level for preventing opportunistic infection. Nowadays, most of PLHIV in Thailand can accessed the health care service to receive the ART, however, reports showed that nutritional status of PLHIV can be affected by ARTs side effect. Bone loss, decrease of bone mass density, is the main outcome resulted from ART side effect usually found in PLHIV who receive long term ART. In addition, inadequate intake of calcium according to the guideline was repeatedly report in Thai people. Therefore, PLHIV with ART possibly are higher risk in bone loss than healthy people due to ART side effect. The basic nutritional care process to prevent bone loss is to encourage PLHIV to improve their nutritional habits. PLHIV need consuming food sources of calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, and phosphorus too. The Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) process conducted by the registered dietitian to support nutritional status of patients in variety diseases and conditions is one of the alternative way need to consider as using in nutritional support to improve bone health among PLHIV. However, further study is needed to investigate the effective of MNT and length of receiving the MNT to improve bone health among PLHIV.
References
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29. Bonjocha A, Figuerasb M, Estanya C, Perez-Alvareza N, Rosalesc J, Rioc L, Gregorioc S, Puiga J, Gomeza G, Cloteta B, Negredo E. High prevalence of and progression to low bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients: a longitudinal cohort study. AIDS. 2010; 24: 2827–33.
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32. Welz T, Childs K, Ibrahim F, Poulton M, Taylor CB, Moniz CF, Post FA. Efavirenz is associated with severe vitamin D defciency and increased alkaline phosphatase. AIDS. 2010; 24: 1923-8.
33. Gutierrez F, Masia M. The Role of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy in Bone. AIDS Rev. 2011; 13: 109-18.
34. McComseya GA, Kendall MA, Tebas P, Swindells S, Hogg E, Alston-Smith B, Suckow C, Gopalakrishnan G, Bensoni C, Wohl DA. Alendronate with calcium and vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective for the treatment of decreased bone mineral density in HIV. AIDS. 2007; 21: 2473–82.
35. Todd JA, Robinson RJ. Osteoporosis and exercise. Postgrad Med J. 2003; 79: 320–3.
36. Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80: 1678–88.
37. Harinarayan CV, Holick MF, Prasad UV, Vani PS, Himabindu G. Vitamin D status and sun exposure in India. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013; 5: 130–41.
38. Morris SF, Wylie-Rosett J. Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Key to Diabetes Management and Prevention. Clin Diabetes. 2010; 28: 12-8.
39. Adar SE, Sinai T, Yosefy C, Henkin Y. Nutritional Recommendations for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Nutrients. 2013; 5: 3646-83.
40. Reiter CS, Graves L. Nutrition Therapy for Eating Disorders. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 2010; 25: 122-36.
41. Figueiredo SM, Penido MGMG, Guimaraes MMM, Machado LJC, Filho SAV, Fausto MA, Antunes CMF, Caligiorne RB, Greco DB. Effects of dietary intervention on lipids profileof HIV infected patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). ESJ. 2013; 9: 1857–7881.
42. Filteau S, PrayGod G, Kasonka L, Woodd S, Rehman AM, Chisenga M, Siame J, Koethe JR, Changalucha J, Michael D, Kidola J, Manno D, Larke N, Yilma D, Heimburger DC, Friis H, Kelly P. Effects on mortality of a nutritional intervention for malnourished HIV-infected adults referred for antiretroviral therapy: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Medicine. 2015; 13: 1-13.
43. Vecchi VL, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L, Mazzola G, Sala SL, Tramuto F, Caruso G, Colomba C, Mansueto P, Madonia S, Montalto G, Carlo PD. Dairy calcium intake and lifestyle risk factors for bone loss in hiv-infected and uninfected mediterranean subjects. BMC Infect Dis. 2012; 12: 192.
44. Nerad J, Romeyn M, Silverman E, Allen-Reid J, Dieterich D, Merchant J, Pelletier VA, Tinnerello D, Fenton M. General nutrition management in patients infected with Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus. CID. 2003; 36: 52-62.
45. US Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1997.
46. World Health Organization. Nutrient requirements for people living with HIV/AIDS. Report of a technical consultation. Geneva, 13–15 May 2003.
47. Bains K, Shruti K. Analysis of various vegetable preparations for calcium, iron and zinc intake of Punjabi urban and rural families. Nat Prod Radiance. 2007; 6(2): 106-10.
48. Silanikove N, Leitner G, Merin U. The interrelationships between lactose intolerance and the modern dairy industry: Global perspectives in evolutional and historical backgrounds. Nutrients. 2015; 7: 7312-31.
49. Eadmusik S, Puwastien P, Nitithamyong A. Production of hard tofu from calcium fortified soybean milk and its chemical and sensory properties. KKU Res J. 2013; 18: 371-9.
2. von Feigenblatt OF. The Thai Ethnocracy Unravels: A Critical Cultural Analysis of Thailand’s Socio-Political Unrest. J Alt Perspect Soc Sci. 2009; 1: 583-611.
3. Obi SN, Ifebunandu NA, Onyebuchi AK. Nutritional status of HIV-positive individuals on free HAART treatment in a developing nation. J Infect DevCtries. 2010; 4: 745-9.
4. Kosulwat V. The nutrition and health transition in Thailand. Public Health Nutr. 2002; 5: 183–9.
5. Pongchaiyakul C, Charoenkiatkul S, Kosulwat V, Rojroongwasinkul N, Rajatanavin R. Dietary Calcium Intake among Rural Thais in Northeastern Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2008; 91: 153-8.
6. Warensjö E, Byberg L, Melhus H, Gedeborg R, Mallmin H, Wolk A, Michaëlsso K. Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study. BMJ. 2011; 342: d1473.
7. Madureira M, Ciconelli RM, Pereira RMR. Quality of life measurements in patients with osteoporosis and fractures. CLINICS. 2012; 67: 1315-20.
8. Montessori V, Press N, Harris M, Akagi L, Montaner JSG. Adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. CMAJ. 2004; 170: 229–38.
9. McComsey, Tebas P, Shane E, Yin MT, Overton ET, Huang JS, Aldrovandi GM, Cardoso SW, Santana JL, Brown TT. Bone disease in HIV infection: a practical review and recommendations for HIV care providers. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 51: 937-46.
10. Angkurawaranon C, Wattanatchariya N, Doyle P, Nitsch D. Urbanization and Non-communicable disease mortality in Thailand: an ecological correlation study. Trop. Med Int Health. 2013; 18: 130–40.
11. UNAIDS. Global report 2013 [Internet]. 2013 [accessed May 2017, 20]. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/campaigns/globalreport2013/factsheet/.
12. Department of Disease Control. Thailand National Guidelines on HIV/AIDS Treatment and Prevention 2014. Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. 2014.
13. Hsu JW-C, Pencharz PB, Macallan D, Tomkins A. Macronutrients and HIV/AIDS: a review of current evidence. World Health Organization, 2005. Consultation on Nutrition and HIV/AIDS in Africa. Evidence, lessons and recommendations for action. Durban, South Africa, 10-13 April 2005.
14. Serwadda D, Mugerwa R, Sewankambo N. Slim disease: a new disease in Uganda and its association with HTLV-III infection. Lancet. 1985; 2: 849–52.
15. Chubineh S, McGowan J. Nausea and Vomitting HIV: a symptom review. Int J STD AIDS. 2008; 11: 723-8.
16. Semba RD, Shah N, Strathdee SA, Vlahov D. High prevalence of iron deficiencyand anemia among female injection drug users with andwithout HIV infection. J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr. 2002; 29: 142–4
17. Tang AM, Smit E, Semba RD, Shah N, Lyles CM, Li D, Vlahov D. Improved antioxidant status among HIV-infected injecting drug users on potent antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defc Syndr. 2000; 23: 321–6.
18. Rousseau MC, Molines C, Moreau J, Delmont J. Influenceof highly active antiretroviral therapy on micronutrient profilesin HIV-infected patients. Ann Nutr Metab. 2000; 44: 212–6.
19. Look MP, Rockstroch JK, Rao GS, Kreuzer KA, Spengler U, Sauerbruch T. Serum selenium versus lymphocyte subsets and markers of disease progression and inflammatoryresponse in human immunodeficienc virus-infection.Biol Trace ElemRes. 1997; 56: 31–41.
20. McCormick CL, Francis AM, Iliffe K, Webb H, Douch CJ, Pakianathan M, Macallan DC. Increasing obesity in treated female HIV patients from Sub-Saharan Africa: potential causes and possible targets for intervention. Front Immunol. 2014; 5: 507.
21. Ogunmola OJ, Oladosu OY, Olamoyegun AM. Association of hypertension and obesity with HIV and antiretroviral therapy in a rural tertiary health center in Nigeria: a cross-sectional cohort study. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2014; 10: 129–37.
22. Kim DJ, Westfall AO, Chamot E, Willig AL, Mugavero MJ, Ritchie C, Burkholder GA, Crane HM, Raper JL, Saag MS, Willig JH. Multimorbidity patterns in HIV-infected patients: the role of obesity in chronic disease clustering. J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr. 2012; 61: 600-5.
23. Ofotokun I, Weitzmann N, Vunnava A, Sheth A, Villinger F, Zhou J, Williams E, Sanford S, Rivas M, Lennox J. HAART-induced Immune Reconstitution: A Driving Force Behind Bone Resorption in HIV/AIDS. 18th CROI Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; Feb 27 - Mar 2, 2011; Boston, MA ; 2011.
24. Haskelberg H, Hoy JF, Amin J, Ebeling PR, Emery S, Carr A. Changes in Bone Turnover and Bone Loss in HIV-Infected Patients Changing Treatment to Tenofovir-Emtricitabine or Abacavir-Lamivudine. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7(6): e38377.
25. Cazanave C, Dupon M, Lavignolle-Aurillac V, Barthe N, Lawson-Ayayi S, Mehsen N, Mercié P, Morlat P, Thiébaut R, Dabis F. Reduced bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients: prevalence and associated factors. AIDS. 2008; 2: 395-402.
26. Bhatia V. Dietary calcium intake - a critical reappraisal. Indian J Med Res. 2008; 127: 269-73.
27. vanovitch K, Klaewkla J, Chongsuwat R, Viwatwongkasem C, Kitvorapat W. The Intake of Energy and Selected Nutrients by Thai Urban Sedentary Workers: An Evaluation of Adherence to Dietary Recommendations. J Nutr Metab. 2014; 2014: 1-17.
28. Nimitphong H, Holick MF. Vitamin D status and sun exposure in Southeast Asia. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013; 5: 34–7.
29. Bonjocha A, Figuerasb M, Estanya C, Perez-Alvareza N, Rosalesc J, Rioc L, Gregorioc S, Puiga J, Gomeza G, Cloteta B, Negredo E. High prevalence of and progression to low bone mineral density in HIV-infected patients: a longitudinal cohort study. AIDS. 2010; 24: 2827–33.
30. Borderia M, Gibellini D, Vescini F, Crignis ED, Cimatti L, Biagetti C, Tampellini L, Maria C. Metabolic bone disease in HIV infection. AIDS. 2009; 23: 1297–310.
31. Gill US, Zissimopoulos A, Al-Shamma S, Burke K, McPhail MJW, Barr DA, Kallis YN, Marley RTC, Kooner P, Foster GR, Kennedy PTF. Assessment of Bone Mineral Density in Tenofovir-Treated Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: Can the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool Identify Those at Greatest Risk? J Infect Dis. 2015; 211: 374–82.
32. Welz T, Childs K, Ibrahim F, Poulton M, Taylor CB, Moniz CF, Post FA. Efavirenz is associated with severe vitamin D defciency and increased alkaline phosphatase. AIDS. 2010; 24: 1923-8.
33. Gutierrez F, Masia M. The Role of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy in Bone. AIDS Rev. 2011; 13: 109-18.
34. McComseya GA, Kendall MA, Tebas P, Swindells S, Hogg E, Alston-Smith B, Suckow C, Gopalakrishnan G, Bensoni C, Wohl DA. Alendronate with calcium and vitamin D supplementation is safe and effective for the treatment of decreased bone mineral density in HIV. AIDS. 2007; 21: 2473–82.
35. Todd JA, Robinson RJ. Osteoporosis and exercise. Postgrad Med J. 2003; 79: 320–3.
36. Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80: 1678–88.
37. Harinarayan CV, Holick MF, Prasad UV, Vani PS, Himabindu G. Vitamin D status and sun exposure in India. Dermatoendocrinol. 2013; 5: 130–41.
38. Morris SF, Wylie-Rosett J. Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Key to Diabetes Management and Prevention. Clin Diabetes. 2010; 28: 12-8.
39. Adar SE, Sinai T, Yosefy C, Henkin Y. Nutritional Recommendations for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Nutrients. 2013; 5: 3646-83.
40. Reiter CS, Graves L. Nutrition Therapy for Eating Disorders. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 2010; 25: 122-36.
41. Figueiredo SM, Penido MGMG, Guimaraes MMM, Machado LJC, Filho SAV, Fausto MA, Antunes CMF, Caligiorne RB, Greco DB. Effects of dietary intervention on lipids profileof HIV infected patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART). ESJ. 2013; 9: 1857–7881.
42. Filteau S, PrayGod G, Kasonka L, Woodd S, Rehman AM, Chisenga M, Siame J, Koethe JR, Changalucha J, Michael D, Kidola J, Manno D, Larke N, Yilma D, Heimburger DC, Friis H, Kelly P. Effects on mortality of a nutritional intervention for malnourished HIV-infected adults referred for antiretroviral therapy: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Medicine. 2015; 13: 1-13.
43. Vecchi VL, Soresi M, Giannitrapani L, Mazzola G, Sala SL, Tramuto F, Caruso G, Colomba C, Mansueto P, Madonia S, Montalto G, Carlo PD. Dairy calcium intake and lifestyle risk factors for bone loss in hiv-infected and uninfected mediterranean subjects. BMC Infect Dis. 2012; 12: 192.
44. Nerad J, Romeyn M, Silverman E, Allen-Reid J, Dieterich D, Merchant J, Pelletier VA, Tinnerello D, Fenton M. General nutrition management in patients infected with Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus. CID. 2003; 36: 52-62.
45. US Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1997.
46. World Health Organization. Nutrient requirements for people living with HIV/AIDS. Report of a technical consultation. Geneva, 13–15 May 2003.
47. Bains K, Shruti K. Analysis of various vegetable preparations for calcium, iron and zinc intake of Punjabi urban and rural families. Nat Prod Radiance. 2007; 6(2): 106-10.
48. Silanikove N, Leitner G, Merin U. The interrelationships between lactose intolerance and the modern dairy industry: Global perspectives in evolutional and historical backgrounds. Nutrients. 2015; 7: 7312-31.
49. Eadmusik S, Puwastien P, Nitithamyong A. Production of hard tofu from calcium fortified soybean milk and its chemical and sensory properties. KKU Res J. 2013; 18: 371-9.
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07-08-2018
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สิงห์โต อ. Increasing of risk in bone loss among people living with HIV and It principle of nutritional care process. ฺBu J Med [internet]. 2018 Aug. 7 [cited 2026 Jan. 24];5(1):83-94. available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/BJmed/article/view/138825
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