Particulate matter and fungal bioaerosols: co-drivers of respiratory tract diseases
Keywords:
Particulate matter, Fungal bioaerosol, Respiratory tract diseasesAbstract
Introduction: Particulate matter (PM) is a primary indicator of air quality and a key determinant of respiratory morbidity and mortality. Fungal bioaerosols, the biological fraction of airborne PM, are emerging as significant yet insufficiently characterized contributors to air pollution and respiratory disorders. Although research on their prevalence and health effects has expanded in recent years, the mechanistic interactions between airborne fungal bioaerosols and PM
remain poorly understood.
Objective: This systematic review was conducted using reputable databases, such as PubMed and Scopus, followed by comprehensive analysis and synthesis of relevant research findings.
Method: A literature review was conducted using reputable academic databases, including PubMed and Scopus. Relevant studies were systematically analyzed and synthesized.
Results: Airborne PM and fungal bioaerosols are pollutants that frequently co-occur due to their aerodynamic properties, which facilitate deposition in the respiratory tract and penetration into the alveoli, potentially resulting in synergistic effects upon exposure. Both pollutants can induce oxidative stress, inflammation of the respiratory epithelium, and immune system dysfunction, which are associated with reduced lung function, respiratory symptoms accompanied by infections, and may contribute to carcinogenesis. Advances in monitoring technologies, risk
assessment, and air quality management further support the development of effective strategies to reduce exposure to these pollutants.
Conclusion: The complex interplay between airborne PM and fungal bioaerosols plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. A deeper mechanistic understanding and the development of innovative exposure reduction and prevention strategies are essential to mitigate their health impacts.
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