Behavioral factors affecting hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Context: Morbidity and mortality of patients with Diabetes Mellitus are the results of
complications caused by poor blood glucose control. The Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels
are an index of long-term diabetic control and are related to various factors including the patient’s behavior. Campaigning tasks to regulate behavioral factors that affect HbA1c levels will hopefully improve patients’ health.

Objectives: To identify factors related to HbA1c levels in diabetic patients.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytic study. Data were gathered from individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who utilized services at the hospitals and affiliated clinics of Chao Phraya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, located in the Mueang District and surrounding regions of Prachinburi Province. Participants were selected based on the absence of severe comorbidities or terminal
illnesses that would hinder their ability to lead a normal life during the month of June to August 2017. The study sample comprised 140 individuals drawn from a larger population of 6,500. This sample was categorized into two groups in a 2:1 ratio. The experimental group included 94 participants with a HbA1c level exceeding 7 mg%, while the compared group consisted of 48 participants with a HbA1c level less than or equal to 7 mg%. Purposive sampling techniques were employed for participant selection. A questionnaire served as the primary research instrument, and both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied for data analysis.

Results: The research indicated that experimental group with a HbA1c level exceeding 7 mg% levels attributed this to improper medication usage, inconsistent physical activity, and the consumption of sugary foods and beverages. Conversely, other variables such as personal circumstances, stress levels, the involvement of caregivers in the treatment process, and
the necessity of traveling to a hospital for care did not significantly influence HbA1c levels. Furthermore, abstaining from sugary foods and drinks, coupled with regular physical activity and adherence to treatment protocols, emerged as strong predictors of achieving optimal Hemoglobin A1c levels (Nagelkerke R Square = 0.65). Notably, the impact of dietary choices regarding sweet foods and the frequency of exercise was found to be more critical than the correct administration of medication.

Conclusions: Behavioral factors affecting Hemoglobin A1c levels in samples diabetes include: incorrect medication use and irregular exercise together with eating sweet food and sugary drinks.