Effectiveness of Health Promotion Program Applied Pender’s Health Promotion Model for Pregnant Women with High Blood Sugar Level

Abstract

This quasi-experimental research aimed to examine the effectiveness of health promotion program applied Pender’s Health Promotion Model for pregnant women with high blood sugar level. The samples consisted of 40 pregnant women with high blood sugar level who attended the anti-natal clinic of Bamnet Narong Hospital and Nong Bua Daeng Hospital, Chaiyaphum Province and were divided into the experimental group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20). The research instruments included the health promotion program applied Pender’s Health Promotion Model, the personal information questionnaire, the perceived benefits of health promotion questionnaire with reliability of .86, the perceived barriers of health promotion questionnaire with reliability of .84, the perceived self-efficacy of health promotion questionnaire with reliability of .85, the health promoting behaviors questionnaire with reliability of .76, and the laboratory results and diabetes diagnosis record form. The implementation and data collection were conducted from April to July, 2020. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, and independent t-test.

The research results revealed that 1) after the experiment, the experimental group had statistically significantly higher mean scores of perceived benefits of health promotion, perceived barriers of health promotion, perceived self-efficacy of health promotion, and health promoting behaviors than those of before the experiment (t = 6.630, p < .001; t = 6.560, p < .001; t = 2.590, p < .05; and t = 4.500, p < .001, respectively) and those of the control group (t = 81.000, p < .001; t = 76.360, p < .001; t = 65.070, p < .001; and t = 48.700, p < .001, respectively); 2) after the experiment, the experimental group had the means of FBS, 100 gm 1 h OGTT, 100 gm 2 h OGTT, and 100 gm 3 h OGTT lower than those of the control group; and 3) after the experiment, the experimental group were diagnosed as diabetes less than the control group.

This research suggests that health care providers should adopt this health promotion program applied Pender’s Health Promotion Model to prevent the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women with high blood sugar level.