Factors Affecting the Survival Rate of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Delivered by Advanced Emergency Response Team of Hua Hin Hospital, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province
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Abstract
This retrospective descriptive study aimed to identify factors influencing survival rates among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) transported by emergency medical service (EMS) teams. The study analyzed 140 medical records of TBI patients transported by EMS to Hua Hin Hospital, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, between January 1, 2021, and October 31, 2024. Data was collected using structured injury documentation based on three aspects: 1) general characteristics and clinical presentation, 2) pre-hospital care, and 3) in-hospital treatment. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine survival predictors.
The results revealed that patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13–15 had a 124.35-fold higher likelihood of survival than those with moderate-to-severe abnormal consciousness. Administration of Tranexamic acid significantly increased survival odds by 43.44 times. Patients with normal pupil size had a 36.77-fold greater chance of survival. Moreover, those who underwent surgical intervention had a 29.82-fold increased probability of survival. Conversely, male patients had a 98% lower likelihood of survival. Collectively, these five variables accounted for 83.00% of the variability in 24-hour survival rates (Nagelkerke R² = .830) and correctly predicted outcomes in 97.90% of cases.
These findings emphasize the importance of early neurological assessment and hospital-based interventions, including timely administration of tranexamic acid and emergency surgery, to improve survival outcomes in TBI patients. EMS personnel should prioritize rapid evaluation and evidence-based interventions to optimize patient care. This study supports the development of standardized treatment protocols and targeted training programs to enhance emergency medical response and improve survival rates among patients with TBI.
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