The Effects of a Health Promotion Program in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Self-care Behaviors and Newborn Health Outcomes
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Abstract
This quasi-experimental research aimed to compare the mean scores of self-care behaviors during pregnancy and newborn health outcomes. The sample consisted of 54 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), selected through purposive sampling into a control group (n = 27) and an experimental group (n = 27). The research instruments included a health promotion program for pregnant women with gestational diabetes, a newborn health record form, and a pregnancy self-care behavior questionnaire, which had a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of .78. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and independent t-tests.
The results revealed that after receiving the program, the experimental group had significantly higher mean scores of pregnancy self-care behavior compared to the control group at the .05 level (t = 3.15, p = .03). Additionally, the experimental group’s newborns had significantly higher Apgar scores at 1 minute after birth (t = 2.00, p = .04) and significantly lower mean blood glucose levels at 1 hour after birth (t = 2.04, p = .04). There was no significant difference in newborn weight between the two groups.
The findings highlight the effectiveness of the health promotion program in enhancing self-care behaviors among pregnant women with GDM. To provide care for this population, nurses should incorporate health promotion programs to encourage positive maternal behaviors and reduce complications for both mother and newborn.
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