Factors Influencing Self Protective Behaviors from Particulate Matter 2.5 among Older Persons, Pathum Thani Province
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Abstract
Concurrent mixed-methods research was conducted with two objectives: 1) To study predictive factors of PM2.5 self-protective behaviors among older persons, using quantitative research methods. The sample consisted of 422 older persons in Pathum Thani Province, selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires covering personal information, health literacy assessment, and PM2.5 self-protective behavior assessment. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability was .93 and .84, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression analysis. 2) To describe the relationship between health literacy and self-protective behaviors against PM2.5 among older persons using qualitative research methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 older persons in Pathum Thani Province as key informants, selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using content analysis.
The research findings revealed that decision-making for practice, ability to comprehend health information, which are components of health literacy, and education level (Beta = .44, .32, .08, p < .01, .01, .05, respectively) collectively predicted 57.70 percent of PM2.5 self-protective behaviors (R²adjusted = .577, p < .05). Older persons described health literacy as the perception and understanding about PM2.5 and demonstrated self-protective behaviors against PM2.5, which resulted from adaptation to prevent impacts from PM2.5 and receiving social support.
Healthcare professionals should promote health literacy regarding PM2.5 by enhancing capabilities in information access, understanding, evaluation and screening, and decision-making for practice, along with social support. These interventions would enable older persons to effectively monitor their health and protect themselves from PM2.5 exposure.
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