The Development Model of Health Literacy about Self-Management Behaviors of Older People in Pa-tum Sub-District, Phrao District, Chiangmai Province
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Abstract
This research and development study was conducted in three phases. 1) A situational analysis and identifying factors related to health literacy among the elderly using a mixed-method research design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five health professionals and health literacy questionnaires completed by 245 older people. Data analysis included content analysis, descriptive statistics, and chi-square tests. 2) Focused on developing a health literacy model to promote self-health management behaviors among older people. 3) Implemented and evaluated the model using a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design with a sample of 50 older people. Data were collected using a self-health management behavior questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .81. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. The results revealed the following findings:
1. The health administrators and practitioners indicated that local health agencies have a policy for health literacy and self-management behaviors among older people. They emphasized the importance of organizing continuous activities to facilitate health knowledge exchange among older people.
2. The level of health literacy among elderly participants was moderate (M = 2.14, SD = .24). Gender, age, and reading and writing abilities were significantly associated with health literacy levels (X² = 6.57, 7.42, 6.80, and 8.47, respectively; p < .05).
3. The developed health literacy model comprised five core components: 1) knowledge and understanding of health and disease prevention, 2) access to and critical evaluation of health information and media, 3) health communication, 4) health-related decision-making, and 5) self-health management. Implementation of the model resulted in a statistically significant improvement in self-health management behaviors among the older people (F = 8.16, p < .001).
This model can be adopted and tailored by multidisciplinary health teams to enhance health literacy and support self-management among older adults in specific contexts.
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