The development of holistic fall prevention practices for elderly

Abstract

This study was a research and development project aimed at creating a practice grounded in evidence and addressing problem-based situations the Soukup context and problem analysis. The objectives were to investigate the circumstances, causes, and contributing factors associated with falls, to develop a preventive practice, and to evaluate the outcomes of implementing a comprehensive fall prevention practice among elderly. The study was conducted in three distinct phases: Phase 1 involved an exploration of the existing situation; Phase 2 focused on the development of the preventive practice; and Phase 3 assessed the resulting outcomes. The sample comprised 30 older adults aged 60 years and above, all of whom had experienced at least one fall within the preceding six months. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments utilized in this study included: (1) a holistic fall risk assessment tool for elderly, (2) an assessment of fall prevention behaviors, (3) a walking and balance ability test (Timed Up and Go: TUG), (4) a client satisfaction questionnaire, and (5) a user satisfaction questionnaire. The experimental tool employed was the holistic fall prevention practice tailored for elderly

Data analysis was conducted using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Differences between groups were evaluated through the nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results indicated that the developed practice consisted of five key components: (1) screening of the target group, (2) holistic assessment of fall risk, (3) classification of older adults by fall risk levels, (4) management within healthcare facilities, and (5) management within the community. The outcomes demonstrated significant improvements: the mean scores for fall prevention behaviors increased (p < 0.05); the mean walking and balance times decreased (p < 0.05); and the incidence of falls significantly declined (p < 0.05). The mean satisfaction score among practice users was remarkably high ( = 4.31, SD = 0.51), and the mean satisfaction score of service recipients also reached a high level ( = 4.46, SD = 0.39). In conclusion, this guideline effectively enhances fall-prevention practices among older adults and can be applied to those at risk of falling in both healthcare and community settings.