Association Between Smoking and Chronic Kidney Disease Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Nong Khai Province

Abstract

          This study was an analytical prospective study. The objectives are aimed to determine the incidence rate (IR) and association between smoking and CKD with T2DM patients in Nong Khai Province. Data from  Health Data Center (Health Data Center : HDC). Study in T2DM received treatment between 1 October 2019 and 30 September 2020. Follow-up of all patients with T2DM   after diagnosis until 30 September 2022. Among 3,270 patients with T2DM Statistical analysis by using Generalized Linear Model (GLM), which had reported an adjusted Relative Risk (RR_adj) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The results showed the overall IR of chronic kidney disease in patients with T2DM in Nong Khai province was 5.1 per 100 person-years (95% CI; 4.4 to 5.9). We found that patients with smoking behavior (currently smoking), the IR of CKD was 8.8 per 100 person-years (95%CI; 6.9 to 11.0). After adjusting all variables in the model, former smokers who quit smoking had a 3.99 times risk of CKD with T2DM patients compared to non-smokers (RR_adj = 3.99; 95% CI): 2.67 – 5.96), smokers (current smokers) have a risk of CKD with T2DM patients 4.82 times compared to non-smokers (RR_adj = 4.28; 95% CI: 2.73 – 6.16). There was a statistically significant dose response relationship (P-value < 0.001). The findings from this study the findings show that smoking behavior are associated with an increased risk of CKD among T2DM while the IR was low. Patients should receive knowledge about the prevention preventing of CKD be aware of self-care in order to decrease the occurrence of CKD.