Journey Towards Growth: The Development and Effectiveness of a Logotherapy – Based Intervention in Achieving Posttraumatic Growth Among Filipino Adolescent Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse The Development and Effectiveness of a Logotherapy
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The sexual abuse of children is a global catastrophe. Several research have already established the detrimental effects of child sexual abuse on the survivors, ranging from physical to psychological repercussions. As a result, survivors of trauma utilize different coping techniques to deal with the negative impacts of the trauma, such as confronting these challenges and viewing them as an opportunity for personal development which can be referred to as posttraumatic growth. It is therefore the goal of this study to facilitate posttraumatic growth among Filipino survivors of child sexual abuse through a logotherapy – based intervention. This study included 50 Filipino child sexual abuse survivors who were mostly female and within the age range of 11 – 17 years old. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and the National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale were administered to assess the variables in this study. Using an independent sample t – test, results revealed that there is a significant difference in the posttraumatic symptoms and posttraumatic growth between the groups. This implies that the logotherapy – based treatment plan was an effective tool to reduce the posttraumatic symptoms and improve the posttraumatic growth of the experimental group.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
The authors retain copyright and permit the journal the copyright of first publication
Articles, once having passed the review process and accepted for publication in the CDMH Journal, are copyrighted under the CDMH Journal, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health. Please be aware distribution of CDMH Journal content for commercial purposes without permission is expressly prohibited. However, distribution with intent to educate, advocate, or spread awareness within the general public and research communities is permitted and encouraged with the understanding that the CDMH Journal Editorial Board do not hold jurisdiction or liability for any accompanying comments, text, or information from third parties, either in favor for or against the original article’s assertions, conclusions, methodology, or content.
References
Abera, L., Aliye, A., Tadesse, K., & Guta, A. (2021). Magnitude of child sexual abuse and its associated factors among high school female students in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive health, 18, 1-12.
Aguinaldo, J.L., & de Guzmán, R. (2014). The effectiveness of Logo-Bibliotherapy on the depression of selected Filipino suffering from Myasthenia Gravis. Asian Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences, 3(2), 31-39.
Alaggia, R., Collin-Vézina, D., & Lateef, R. (2019). Facilitators and barriers to child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosures: A research update (2000–2016). Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(2), 260-283.
Andersen, T. H. (2013). Against the wind: Male victimization and the ideal of manliness. Journal of Social Work, 13(3), 231-247.
Asagba, R.B. (2015). Developing logotherapeutic strategies as effective interventions for victims of sexual assault. Gender and behaviour, 13, 6795-6802.
Barth, J., Bermetz, L., Heim, E., Trelle, S., & Tonia, T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of public health, 58(3), 469–483.
Bushkin, H., van Niekerk, R., & Stroud, L. (2021). Searching for Meaning in Chaos: Viktor Frankl's Story. Europe's journal of psychology, 17(3), 233–242.
Carson, D. K., Foster, J. M., & Tripathi, N. (2013). Child sexual abuse in India: Current issues and research. Psychological Studies, 58, 318-325.
Christensen, L. (2017). Victims of child sexual abuse: The psychology of victims. In W. Petherick & G. Sinnamon (Eds.), The psychology of criminal and antisocial behavior: Victim and offender perspectives (pp. 419–438). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809287-3.00014-6
Chwo, M. J., Huang, S. H., Huang, Y. C., Lin, I. J., Yu, C. P., Chung, C. H., Chien, W. C., Sun, C. A., & Wu, G. J. (2022). Sexual Assault Is the Biggest Risk Factor for Violence against Women in Taiwan-A Nationwide Population Cohort Study from 2000 to 2015. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(6), 3473.
Cortés Arboleda, M. R., Cantón Duarte, J., & Cantón-Cortés, D. (2011). Naturaleza de los Abusos sexuales a menores y consecuencias en la salud mental de las víctimas. Gaceta Sanitaria, 25(2), 157–165.
Downing, N. R., Akinlotan, M., & Thornhill, C. W. (2021). The impact of childhood sexual abuse and adverse childhood experiences on adult health related quality of life. Child Abuse & Neglect, 120, 105181.
Edwards, V. J., Freyd, J. J., Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., & Felitti, V. J. (2012). Health outcomes by closeness of sexual abuse perpetrator: A test of betrayal trauma theory. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21(2), 133-148..
Ferragut, M., Ortiz-Tallo, M., & Blanca, M. J. (2021). Victims and Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse: Abusive Contact and Penetration Experiences. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(18), 9593.
Frankl, V.E. (1992). Man’s Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy, 4th edition. Boston: Beacon Press, p.117.
Freyd, J. J., DePrince, A. P., & Gleaves, D. H. (2007). The state of betrayal trauma theory: Reply to McNally—Conceptual issues, and future directions. Memory, 15(3), 295-311.
Goldsmith, R. E., Chesney, S. A., Heath, N. M., & Barlow, M. R. (2013). Emotion regulation difficulties mediate associations between betrayal trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(3), 376–384.
Gómez, J. M., Kaehler, L. A., & Freyd, J. J. (2014). Are hallucinations related to betrayal trauma exposure? A three-study exploration. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 6(6), 675–682.
Guziak, M. A. (2020). Child sexual abuse among Polish adult population: Prevalence and abuse characteristics. The Lost Childhood Association, 1-19.
Hébert, M., Lavoie, F., & Blais, M. (2014). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder/PTSD in adolescent victims of sexual abuse: resilience and social support as protection factors. Ciencia & saude coletiva, 19, 685-694.
Jakubowski, K. P., Murray, V., Stokes, N., & Thurston, R. C. (2021). Sexual violence and cardiovascular disease risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas, 153, 48–60.
Julom, A. & de Guzmán, R. (2013). The effectiveness of Logotherapy program in alleviating the sense of meaninglessness of paralyzed in-patients. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 13(3), 357-371. Retrieved from https://www.ijpsy.com/volumen13/num3/367/the-effectiveness-of-logotherapy-program-EN.pdf.
Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., & Friedman, M. J. (2013). Severity of Acute Stress Symptoms—Child Age 11–17 (National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Short Scale [NSESSS]). Retrieved from http://www.psychiatry.org/practice/dsm/dsm5/online-assessment-measurent
Kim, I., Kim, D., Kim, N. H., & Park, J. E. (2022). A psychometric evaluation of the National Stressful Events Survey for PTSD-Short Scale (NSESSS-PTSD) among Korean psychiatric outpatients. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 13(2), 2117905.
Kloppen, K., Mæhle, M., Kvello, Ø., Haugland, S., & Breivik, K. (2015). Prevalence of intrafamilial child maltreatment in the Nordic countries: A review. Child Abuse Review, 24(1), 51-66.
Latzman, N. E., Viljoen, J. L., Scalora, M. J., & Ullman, D. (2011). Sexual offending in adolescence: A comparison of sibling offenders and nonsibling offenders across domains of risk and treatment need. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 20(3), 245-263.
Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(1), 11–21.
Liveri, K., Dagla, M., Sarantaki, A., Orovou, E., & Antoniou, E. (2023). Abuse of Girls During Childhood and Its Impacts on the Health of Their Adult Lives: A Systematic Review. Curēus.
Livingston, J. A., Testa, M., & VanZile-Tamsen, C. (2007). The Reciprocal Relationship Between Sexual Victimization and Sexual Assertiveness. Violence Against Women, 13(3), 298-313
Neutze, J., & Osterheider, M. (2015). Missbrauch von Kindern: Aetiologie, Dunkelfeld, Opfer Zentrale Ergebnisse des Forschungsverbundes [Abuse of children: Aetiology, dark figure, victims. Central results of the research network]. http://www.mikado-studie.de/tl_files/mikado/upload/MiKADO_Zusammenfassung.pdf
Okunlola, O. B., Odukoya, J. A., & Gesinde, A. M. (2020). Outcomes of sexual abuse on self-esteem among adolescents: A systematic review. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1).
Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 29(4), 328-338.
Reeves Sanday, P. (2020). 5. The Socio- Cultural Context of Rape: A Cross- Cultural Study. In L. O’Toole, J. Schiffman & R. Sullivan (Ed.), Gender Violence, 3rd Edition: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (pp. 70-87). New York, USA: New York University Press.
Reynolds, T. (2003). Child Protection Units in the Philippines: Utilizing International and National Law to Provide Comprehensive Services to Abused Children. Saint Louis University Public Law Review, 7 (22), 454-572.
Selengia, V., Thuy, H. N. T., & Mushi, D. (2020). Prevalence and patterns of child sexual abuse in selected countries of Asia and Africa: A review of literature. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8(9), 146-160.
Solehati, T., Pramukti, I., Hermayanti, Y., Kosasih, C. E., & Mediani, H. S. (2021). Current of child sexual abuse in asia: A systematic review of prevalence, impact, age of first exposure, perpetrators, and place of offence. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(T6), 57-68.
Southwick, S. M., Lowthert, B. T., & Graber, A. V. (2016). Relevance and application of logotherapy to enhance resilience to stress and trauma. In Logotherapy and Existential Analysis: Proceedings of the Viktor Frankl Institute Vienna, Volume 1 (pp. 131-149). Springer International Publishing.
Tarroja, M.C., Lapeña, M.A., Ong, E., Resurreccion, R., & Roldan, M.D., (2016). National Study on Online Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/philippines/media/2601/file/National%20Study%20on%20Online%20Sexual%20Abuse%20and%20Exploitation%20of%20Children%20in%20the%20Philippines%20-%20Executive%20Summary.pdf
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455–471.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1-18.
Tedeschi R. G., Shakespeare-Finch J., Taku K., Calhoun L. G. (2018). Posttraumatic growth: Theory, research, and applications. Abingdon, England: Routledge.
Quing, K. A. (2021). I am A survivor: Experiences, impacts and coping mechanisms of Filipino victims of sexual violence. Journal of Education, Management and Development Studies, 1(1), 50–65.
Walker, H. E., Freud, J. S., Ellis, R. A., Fraine, S. M., & Wilson, L. C. (2019). The Prevalence of Sexual Revictimization: A Meta-Analytic Review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(1), 67-80.
World Health Organization (2002). Child Sexual abuse Guidelines for medicolegal care for victims of sexual violence. Retrieved from Whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/924154628x.pdf
Wulandari, S., Poerwandari, E. K., & Basri, A. A. (2019, August). The journey of finding meaning in life: Posttraumatic growth experience in notable holocaust survivors. In 2nd International Conference on Intervention and Applied Psychology (ICIAP 2018) (pp. 444-457). Atlantis Press.