Factors Associated With the Use of Violent Child Discipline Methods in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study Factors Associated With the Use of Violent Child

Main Article Content

Douglas Candia

Abstract

Few studies have been conducted in developing countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa on child discipline practices or methods compared to
developed countries. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the use of violent child discipline methods in Uganda. The study utilized
a complementary log-log regression model and analysed secondary data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. Knowledge of law
prohibiting child abuse, belief in whether a child needs to be physically
punished, region, age of household head (50-59 years, 60-69 years &
70+ years), age of a child, education level of household head (higher),
marital status of household head (widowed), and household size were
significantly associated with ones likelihood of using a violent child discipline method. There is a need for interventions to boost access to and completion
of higher education and create support structures in communities to help
widowed parents cope with the loss of partners and readjust to changes in their lives. There is a need by the government to not only sensitize people about the negative effects of VCD methods but also ensure existing laws prohibiting VCD methods are enforced by the relevant authorities.

Article Details

How to Cite
Candia, D. (2023). Factors Associated With the Use of Violent Child Discipline Methods in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study: Factors Associated With the Use of Violent Child . International Journal of Child Development and Mental Health, 11(2), 45–57. Retrieved from https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/cdmh/article/view/264312
Section
Original Articles

References

Afifi, T. O., Salmon, S., Stewart-Tufescu, A., Taillieu, T., Fortier, J., MacMillan, H., … Holden, G. W. (2022). Associations between spanking beliefs and reported spanking among adolescents-parent/caregiver dyads in a Canadian sample. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 493.

Amoah, S. K., Nortey, E. N. N., & Alhassan, A. (2020). Correlates of Parental Choice of Child Discipline Methods in Ghana: A Multilevel Modeling Approach. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(03), 78–99.

Assem, H., & Khalifa, M. (2017). Physical Punishment of Children: Dimensions and Predictors in Egypt.

International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 32–40.

Berger, L. M. (2005). Income, family characteristics, and physical violence toward children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 29(2), 107–133.

Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. G., & Salzinger, S. (1998). A longitudinal analysis of risk factors for child

maltreatment: Findings of a 17-year prospective study of officially recorded and self-reported child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22(11), 1065–1078.

Cappa, C., & Dam, H. (2014). Prevalence of and Risk

Factors for Violent Disciplinary Practices at Home in Viet Nam. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(3), 497–516.

Cappa, C., & Khan, S. M. (2011). Understanding

caregivers’ attitudes towards physical punishment of children: Evidence from 34 low-and middle-income countries. Child abuse & neglect, 35(12), 1009-1021.

Chen, J. K., Pan, Z., & Wang, L. C. (2021). Parental beliefs and actual use of corporal punishment, school violence and bullying, and depression in early adolescence.

International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(12), 6270.

Desta, M., Deyessa, N., Hailu, Y., Baye, A., Rodriguez, N., Fish, I., & Garland, A. F. (2022). Harsh Physical

Discipline: Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Primary Caregivers of Pre-school Children

in Ethiopia. International Journal on Child

Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice, 5(3), 355–374.

Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990). Children of depressed parents: an integrative review. Psychological bulletin, 108(1), 50.

Gao, Y., Mi, X., Wang, Y., Zou, S., & Zhou, H. (2021).

Association between household crowding and

violent discipline and neglect of children: Analysis of multiple indicator cluster surveys in 26 low-and middle-income countries. International Journal of

Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1–13.

Gershoff, Elizabeth T. (2017). School corporal punishment

in global perspective: prevalence, outcomes, and

efforts at intervention. Psychology, Health and

Medicine, 22, 224–239.

Gershoff, Elizabeth Thompson. (2002). Corporal punishment

by parents and associated child behaviors and

experiences: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 539–579.

Guedes, A., Bott, S., Garcia-Moreno, C., & Colombini, M. (2016). Bridging the gaps: a global review of

intersections of violence against women and violence against children. Global health action, 9(1), 31516.

Hagan, M. J., Tein, J. Y., Sandler, I. N., Wolchik, S. A., Ayers, T. S., & Luecken, L. J. (2012). Strengthening Effective Parenting Practices Over the Long Term:

Effects of a Preventive Intervention for Parentally

Bereaved Families. Journal of Clinical Child and

Adolescent Psychology, 41(2), 177–188.

Hreish, K. (2011). Attitudes of Palestinian Parents towards

the Use of Physical Punishment as a Method of

Discipline. Bethlehem University Journal, 30(2011), 29–61.

Hunter, W. M., Jain, D., Sadowski, L. S., & Sanhueza, A. I. (2000). Risk factors for severe child discipline

practices in rural India. Journal of Pediatric

Psychology, 25(6), 435–447.

Khoury-Kassabri, M. (2010). AttitudeS of arab and jewish

mothers towards punitive and non-punitive discipline

methods. Child and Family Social Work, 15(2),

–144.

Know Violence in Childhood. (2017). Ending Violence in Childhood. Global Report 2017. Retrieved from New Delhi: http://globalreport.knowviolenceinchildhood.org/

Lester, S., Lawrence, C., & Ward, C. L. (2017). What do we know about preventing school violence? A systematic review of systematic reviews. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 22, 187–223.

Masath, F. B., Hermenau, K., Nkuba, M., & Hecker, T. (2020). Reducing violent discipline by teachers using Interaction Competencies with Children for Teachers

(ICC-T): Study protocol for a matched cluster

randomized controlled trial in Tanzanian public

primary schools. Trials, 21(1), 1–11.

Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development. (2017). Uganda Violence Against Children Survey Findings From a National Survey 2015. Kampala.

Mitchell, L. (2008). Corporal punishment and low-income mothers. New York: Cambria Press.

Mohammed, N. Y., & Samak, Y. A. A. (2017). Spoil the Rod and Save the Child: Socioeconomic Predictors of Harsh Discipline by Parents, Egyptian Case Study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(11), 1730–1752.

Moyo, G., Khewu, N. P. D., & Bayaga, A. (2014).

Disciplinary practices in schools and principles of

alternatives to corporal punishment strategies. South African Journal of Education, 34(1), 1–14.

Murphy, S., McElroy, E., Elklit, A., Shevlin, M., Murphy, J., Hyland, P., & Christoffersen, M. (2018). Parental risk factors for childhood maltreatment typologies:

A data linkage study. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2(4), 189–195.

Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2021). Prevalence and factors

associated with physical punishment and psycho

logical aggression towards children in Laos: Results of the 2017 social indicator survey. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 14(4), 1–7.

Riva, M., Larsen, C. V. L., & Bjerregaard, P. (2014).

Household crowding and psychosocial health among Inuit in Greenland. International journal of public health, 59, 739-748.

Ruiz-Casares, M. (2011). Child Child Protection

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Central and Western Liberia. Montreal

Ssenyonga, J., Hermenau, K., Nkuba, M., & Hecker, T. (2018). Reducing violence against children by

implementing the preventative intervention

Interaction Competencies with Children for Teachers

(ICC-T): Study protocol for a cluster randomized

controlled trial in Southwestern Uganda. Trials, 19(1), 1–12.

Taylor, C. A., Al-Hiyari, R., Lee, S. J., Priebe, A.,

Guerrero, L. W., & Bales, A. (2016). Beliefs and

ideologies linked with approval of corporal

punishment: A content analysis of online comments. Health Education Research, 31(4), 563–575.

Trumbell, D. A. (2021). Discipline of the Child:

An overview. Retrieved from https://acpeds.org/

position-statements/discipline-of-the-child

UBOS, & ICF. (2018). Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Retrieved from Kampala & Maryland: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR333/FR333.pdf

UHRC. (2017). An Assessment of the Compatibility of Ugandan Legislation With the convention on the rights of the child, Kampala.

UNICEF. (2010). Child Disciplinary Practices at Home: Evidence from a Range of Low- and Middle-Income Countries. United Nations Children’s Fund. Retrieved from New York: United Nations Children’s Fund.

Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/protection/Child_Disciplinary_Practices_at_Home.pdf

Uribe, F. M. T., LeVine, R. A., & LeVine, S. E. (1993).

Maternal Education and Maternal Behaviour in

Mexico: Implications for the Changing Characteristics

of Mexican Immigrants to the United States.

International Journal of Behavioral Development, 16(3), 395–408.

Walakira, E. . J., & Ddumba, I. N. (2012). Violence against Children in Uganda : A Decade of Research and

Practice, 2002 - 2012, Kampala.

Wang, X., & Liu, T. (2022). Home-made blues: Residential crowding and mental health in Beijing, China. Urban Studies.

WHO. (2018). WHO Housing and health guidelines.

Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/phe%0Ahttp://apps.who.int/bookorders.

Wiggers, M., & Paas, F. (2022). Harsh Physical Discipline and Externalizing Behaviors in Children: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental

Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14385.

World Vision. (2019). Violent Child Discipline In

Lebanon. Retrieved from Beit Meri: https://www.wvi.org/publications/report/lebanon/violent-child

-discipline-lebanon-full-report

Yopp, J. M., Deal, A. M., Nakamura, Z. M., Park, E. M.,

Edwards, T., Wilson, D. R., … Rosenstein, D. L. (2019). Psychological and parental functioning of

widowed fathers: The first two years. Journal of

Family Psychology, 33(5), 565–574.