Epilepsy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Biological Perspective Epilepsy And Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Main Article Content
Abstract
Childhood epilepsy represents a complex group of seizure disorders with neuropsychological Childhood epilepsy represents a complex group of seizure disorders with neuropsychological deficits and diverse outcomes during developmental stages and later in life. Epilepsy can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study based on review of literature, the association of etiologically diagnosed childhood epilepsy with the subsequent risks of neurodevelopmental disorders. Papers for this review were selected from established databases like PubMed, Proquest, and ScienceDirect among many. It has shown high comorbidity between epilepsy and intellectual deficits. However, it merely hints at common neurological mechanisms and does not adequately imply causation. Medications for treating epilepsy in children are also implicated in the development of neurodevelopmental disorders later in life. These claims are also explored in the review. There may be common mechanisms between epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders, which has to be further explored to develop causal factors. There is not much literature on the neurodevelopmental effects of antiepileptic drugs in the postnatal phase.
Article Details
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
The authors retain copyright and permit the journal the copyright of first publication
Articles, once having passed the review process and accepted for publication in the CDMH Journal, are copyrighted under the CDMH Journal, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health. Please be aware distribution of CDMH Journal content for commercial purposes without permission is expressly prohibited. However, distribution with intent to educate, advocate, or spread awareness within the general public and research communities is permitted and encouraged with the understanding that the CDMH Journal Editorial Board do not hold jurisdiction or liability for any accompanying comments, text, or information from third parties, either in favor for or against the original article’s assertions, conclusions, methodology, or content.
References
Amiet, C., Gourfinkel-An, I., Bouzamondo, A., Tordjman, S., Baulac, M., Lechat, P., ... & Cohen, D. (2008). Epilepsy in autism is associated with intellectual disability and gender: evidence from a meta-analysis. Biological psychiatry, 64(7), 577-582.
Amudhan, S., Gururaj, G., & Satishchandra, P. (2015). Epilepsy in India I: Epidemiology and public health. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 18(3), 263. doi: 10.4103/0972-2327.160093
Berg, A. T., Caplan, R., & Hesdorffer, D. C. (2011). Psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood-onset epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 20(3), 550-555. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.12.038
Bromley, R. L., Leeman, B. A., Baker, G. A., & Meador, K. J. (2011). Cognitive and neurodevelopmental effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy & behavior: E&B, 22(1), 9–16. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.04.009
Bromley, R. L., Mawer, G. E., Briggs, M., Cheyne, C., Clayton-Smith, J., García-Fiñana, M., ... & Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group. (2013). The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 84(6), 637-643.
Brooks-Kayal, A. (2010). Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders: are there common developmental mechanisms?. Brain and Development, 32(9), 731-738.
Fisher, R. S., Boas, W. V. E., Blume, W., Elger, C., Genton, P., Lee, P., & Engel Jr, J. (2005). Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia, 46(4), 470-472. doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x
Kellogg, M., & Meador, K. J. (2017). Neurodevelopmental effects of antiepileptic drugs. Neurochemical research, 42(7), 2065-2070. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-017-2262-4
Lin, J. J., Mula, M., & Hermann, B. P. (2012). Uncovering the neurobehavioural comorbidities of epilepsy over the lifespan. The Lancet, 380(9848), 1180-1192.doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61455-X
Lo-Castro, A., & Curatolo, P. (2014). Epilepsy associated with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: is there a genetic link?. Brain and Development, 36(3), 185-193.
Nickels, K. C., Zaccariello, M. J., Hamiwka, L. D., & Wirrell, E. C. (2016). Cognitive and neurodevelopmental comorbidities in paediatric epilepsy. Nature Reviews.Neurology, 12(8), 465-476. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2016.98
Palac, S., & Meador, K. J. (2011). Antiepileptic drugs and neurodevelopment: an update. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 11(4), 423-427. doi: 10.1007/s11910-011-0194-y
Sgadò, P., Dunleavy, M., Genovesi, S., Provenzano, G., & Bozzi, Y. (2011). The role of GABAergic system in neurodevelopmental disorders: a focus on autism and epilepsy. International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology, 3(3), 223–235.
Verrotti, A., Mencaroni, E., Castagnino, M., & Zaccara, G. (2015). Foetal safety of old and new antiepileptic drugs. Expert opinion on drug safety, 14(10), 1563-1571.