Nursing Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Case Studies

Abstract

Diabetes is a condition characterized by metabolic disorders which resulted in high blood sugar levels due to a lack of insulin or a malfunction of insulin that has been stored in the pancreas for an extended length of time, and this could finally result in the destruction of patients’ body organs.  As a result, outpatient nurses need to employ both knowledge and abilities to address concerns for patients and relatives to achieve successful self-care results. Based on this significant circumstance, the purpose of this study is to compare disease processes, the treatment and nursing procedure of the two type-2 diabetes patients with acute and chronic problems by applying the concepts of educating and supporting self-management of patients with diabetes.  Moreover, the research procedure was conducted throughout the period of six months from September 2022 to March 2023.

Results: The case study includes two diabetic patients with complications, males aged 44 and 69, who already received evaluations both the primary and secondary triage. The first patient has had diabetes for three years and has had a variety of complications such as uncontrolled blood sugar levels, renal leakage-which resulted in medication use and hospitalization.  The second sample was the patient with diabetes who had consistently low blood sugar levels at night and had been on insulin for 15 years. The nursing difficulties were divided into three stages: the initial phase, the continuous phase, and the distribution phase.  Following treatment, both patients had adequate care and were deemed to be safe with no complications. Hence, the study suggested that professional nurses working in chronic disease clinics must be well-informed and knowledgeable in the concept of educating and supporting patients' and their relatives’ self-management so that patients are able to manage their symptoms to prevent both acute and chronic complications.