ปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมของผู้ดูแลในการป้องกันการบาดเจ็บของเด็กปฐมวัยในชุมชน

Somying Kosawanon*; Pramote Thangkratok

Authors

Somying Kosawanon* School of Nursing, Rangsit University
Pramote Thangkratok Department of Community Health Nursing, Srisavarindhira Thai Red Cross Institute of Nursing

Keywords:

Injury prevention, Early childhood, Caregivers’ behaviors, Community

Abstract

Injuries from accidents are a significant public health problem and a leading cause of death among children under 15 years of age in Thailand, with an average of nearly six deaths per day. This reflects the severity of the problem affecting children, families, and society. Although most injuries are preventable, the incidence remains high, particularly among preschool-age children who have limitations in development and risk perception. This descriptive correlation research aimed to study caregivers’ behaviors in preventing injuries among preschool-age children in the community and examine the factors associated with such behaviors. The sample consisted of 138 primary caregivers of preschool-age children who were studying at early childhood development centers in Khlong Sam Wa District, Bangkok, with data obtained through purposive sampling. The research instruments consisted of 1) a knowledge test on injury prevention, 2) an attitude assessment, 3) an assessment of community support, and 4) an assessment of caregivers’ behaviors in preventing injuries among preschool-age children. All instruments were validated for content validity by three experts, with item-objective congruence indices ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, and demonstrated good reliability. The knowledge test had a Kuder–Richardson 21 coefficient of .76, while the attitude, community support, and behavior assessments had Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of .87, .87, and .94, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The results showed that caregivers’ behaviors in preventing injuries among preschool children were at a high level (𝑥̅=72.14, SD=7.76). Knowledge, attitude and community support was positively correlated with caregivers’ behaviors, with statistical significance (r_s=.390, p<.001, r_s=.550, p<.001, r_s=.620, p<.001, respectively) Therefore, the role of community organizations should be promoted in organizing educational activities and campaigns, as well as building safety networks within the area.

References

Acoba, E. F. (2024). Social support and mental health: the mediating role of perceived stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 15:1330720. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1330720

Andrade, C., Menon, V., Ameen, S., & Kumar Praharaj, S. (2020). Designing and conducting knowledge, attitude, and practice surveys in psychiatry: practical guidance. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 42(5), 478-481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620946111

Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2013). Research in education (10th ed.). Pearson Education Inc. https://www.academia.edu/100602091/Research_in_education_Kahn_James_V_Best_John_W_#title

Bloom, B. S., Madaus, G. F., & Hastings, J. T. (1971). Handbook on formative and summative evaluation of student learning. McGraw-Hill. https://archive.org/details/handbookonformat00bloo/page/n7/mode/2up

Budziszewski, R., Thompson, R., Lucido, T., Walker, J., Meyer, L. K., Arthur, L. G., & Grewal, H. (2021). Measuring the effectiveness of a car seat program in an urban, level one pediatric trauma center. Injury Epidemiology, 8(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-021-00313-1

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587

Conatser, R. L. (2024). Child passenger safety: Implementation and evaluation of a virtual educational intervention for parents and caregivers. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 203, 107618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2024.107618

Division of Injury Prevention, Department of Disease Control. (2022). The situation of injury-related deaths among children in Thailand, 2015–2019. https://ddc.moph.go.th/uploads/publish/1343520221109024056.pdf

Gallagher, L., Breslin, G., Leavey, G., Curran, E., & Rosato, M. (2023). Determinants of unintentional injuries in preschool age children in high-income countries: a systematic review. Child: Care, Health and Development, 50(1), e13161. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.13161

Jahangir, S., Patil, D. S., Gangopadhyay, J., & Vogt, T. C. (2025). Understanding intergenerational dynamics and social support's impact on health and well-being of older adults in South Asia: a scoping review. Systematic Reviews, 14(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-025-02833-z

Jones, S., Tyson, S., Yorke, J., & Davis, N. (2020). The impact of injury: the experiences of children and families after a child’s traumatic injury. Clinical Rehabilitation, 35(4), 614-625. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215520975127

Kendrick, D. (2019). Unintentional injuries and their prevention. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0014

Kvalnes, Ø., & Hansen Sandseter, E. B. (2023). Risky play, then and now. Risky play: an ethical challenge (pp. 13-29). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25552-6_2

Lael-Monfared, E., Rakhshanderou, S., Ramezankhani, A., & Ghaffari, M. (2023). Behavioural and environmental risk factors for household injuries: semistructured interviews with health professionals and mothers in Iran. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 7(1), e001762. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001762

Mauritzson, E., McKee, K. J., Elf, M., & Borg, J. (2023). Older adults' experiences, worries and preventive measures regarding home hazards: a survey on home safety in Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1458. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021458

McFarland, L., Baker, L. M., Lee-Pang, L., & Mulcahy, R. (2025). Implementing child safe standards in early education settings: understanding the ecology of policy and practices. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 50(4), 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/18369391251358016

Rungchutiphopan, W., Nilnate, W., Sirisophon, A., & Niramittawin, L. (2023). Selected factors related to caregivers’ ability to provide care for the safety of preschool children. Thai Red Cross Nursing Journal, 16(3), 102–114. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/trcnj/article/view/266427 (in Thai)

Salam, A., Aziz, D. A., Ansar, F., Sajjad, A., & Asjid, M. (2022). Role of primary caregivers regarding unintentional injury prevention among preschool children: a cross-sectional survey in low- and middle-income country. Cureus, 14(8), e28599. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28599

Sarnkhao, S., Tamdee, D., & Boonchiang, W. (2020). Factors related to family member practices for early childhood injury prevention in community. Nursing Journal, 47(1), 209–221. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/cmunursing/article/view/240778 (in Thai)

Shaban, M. M., Sharaa, H. M., & Nashwan, A. J. (2023). Effect of community-based intervention on knowledge and practice of rural mothers toward children home injuries. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 19, 100593.

Stehr, P., Reifegerste, D., Rossmann, C., Caspar, K., Schulze, A., & Lindemann, A.-K. (2022). Effective communication with caregivers to prevent unintentional injuries in children under seven years. A systematic review. Patient Education and Counseling, 105(8), 2721-2730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2022.04.015

Stralczynská, B. L., Chroustová, K., Skrehot, P., Chytrý, V., Bílek, M., & Marádová, E. (2022). Childhood injuries and their sustainable prevention from the perspective of parents and grandparents. Sustainability, 14(17), 10592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710592

Swanson, M. H., Morgan, C. H., Johnston, A., & Schwebel, D. C. (2023). Caregiver accounts of unintentional childhood injury events in rural Uganda. Journal of Safety Research, 85, 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.01.010

Wang, Z., Klunklin, P., & Jintrawet, U. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practices of unintentional home injury prevention among parents of preschoolers in the People’s Republic of China. Nursing Journal, 48(2), 232–245. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/cmunursing/article/view/253391 (in Thai)