Inhibitory effects of methanolic extracts of Shorea roxburghii flowers on gastrointestinal cancer and their antioxidant properties
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Abstract
Natural plants contain distinctive secondary metabolites valuable in developing functional foods, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals for preventing and treating various diseases. Many parts of Shorea roxburghii, a Southeast Asian plant, contain various bioactive compounds, which have garnered attention for their medicinal properties. This study aimed to extract S. roxburghii flowers using methanol as a solvent and to assess their phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as their antioxidant activity through FRAP and DPPH assays. Additionally, the potential anticancer activities on gastrointestinal cancer were investigated using cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays. The flower extract's phenolic content was determined to be 161.20 ± 0.66 μg GAE/mg, with a flavonoid content of 51.93 ± 5.16 μg QE/mg. The extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with 57.31 ± 4.29 μg AAE/mg of FRAP value and an EC50 value of 528.10 μg/ml for DPPH scavenging activity. The methanolic extract of S. roxburghii showed cytotoxic effects on AGS and KKU-100 gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 57.81 μg/ml and 122.5 μg/ml, respectively. Methanolic extract inhibited cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, suggesting its potential as an anti-cancer agent. This study highlights the medicinal potential of S. roxburghii flowers, emphasizing their rich phenolic content and significant antioxidant and anti-cancer properties.
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