Post-exercise blood pressure responses and cardiac stress after inspiratory muscle training in COPD patients: a pilot study
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Abstract
Acute responses following a single bout of exercise have been shown to predict blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular adaptations. Inspiratory muscle exercise (IMT) has been utilised in pulmonary rehabilitation programmes for COPD patients, but little is known about the immediate effects of IMT exercise on post-exercise blood pressure and cardiac responses. The current study aimed to investigate acute post-exercise blood pressure, cardiac autonomic, and myocardial oxygen demand responses to a single session of IMT among COPD individuals. Ten male COPD patients, with an average age of 65.44 ± 4.38 years, volunteered for the study. Subjects underwent the IMT protocol at 60% maximal inspiratory pressure as an inspiratory load (6 breaths/set, 1-minute rest between sets, 5 sets), while the control group subjects performed breathing without inspiratory load. Blood pressure and heart rate variability were measured before and immediately, 5, 15 and 30 min after the exercise. Systolic blood pressure in the IMT group was significantly higher than in the control group immediately after exercise. Sympathetic cardiac autonomic modulation and sympathovagal balance also showed similar responses to systolic blood pressure. The rate pressure product index of myocardial oxygen demand and heart rate significantly increased from baseline compared to immediate post-IMT exercise. However, all variables returned to the baseline values within 15 min following exercise, and no adverse effects were reported after the IMT programme. Our data suggest that single bouts of IMT sessions neither elicit post-exercise hypotension nor a high cardiac autonomic response in patients with COPD. Thus, moderate-intensity IMT exercise with a short duration appears to be safe for this population.
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