Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Hematolymphoid Tumors: Insight from Karyotyping of Bone Marrow Specimens in Northeast Thailand
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Abstract
Hematolymphoid tumors are classified into 1) lymphoid and 2) myeloid and histiocytic/dendritic neoplasms and are commonly caused by chromosomal abnormalities, such as chromosomal translocations. Previous studies reveal that genetic landscapes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) vary between national populations. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities using the conventional karyotype technique among hematolymphoid tumor patients in Northeast Thailand. Our finding of 314 hematolymphoid tumor patients demonstrates that the most common finding is chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (187 cases, 59.55%), while AML was observed in 53 cases (16.88%). The third most prevalent finding is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), comprising 26 cases (8.28%). Other findings of hematolymphoid tumor patients in this region reveal myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) (19 cases, 6.05%) and lymphoma (9 cases, 2.87%). Among the 314 cases examined, the result of conventional karyotype shows most cases are normal chromosome (249 cases, 79.30%), while chromosome abnormality was seen in 26 cases (8.28%). Unfortunately, no metaphase or unsuccessful karyotype was revealed in 39 cases (12.42%). The most prevalent abnormality of 26 cases is the translocation between chromosomes 9q34 and 22q11.2, observed in 20.93% of cases and prominently associated with CML. Moreover, chromosome Y loss is demonstrated in both CML and AML (4 cases, 9.30%). Other chromosome aberrations are revealed in this study, including monosomy 21, marker chromosome (s), monosomy X, and trisomy 8. In conclusion, this study suggests that CML is the most common hematolymphoid tumor in the northeast Thai population, frequently associated with the translocation of chromosomes 9q34 and 22q11.2. This finding contributes to our knowledge about hematolymphoid tumors in specific regions in Thailand which might be useful for management system of hematolymphoid tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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