A combination of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and urine albumin creatinine ratio as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CKD in type 2 diabetic patients
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Abstract
One-third of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) tend to develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) called diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a new potential biomarker to predict CKD in T2DM patients. A total of 93 participants were enrolled in the study and are divided into 3 groups including T2DM group (n = 16), T2DM with CKD group (n = 52) and healthy control group (n = 25). All the participants were tested for urinary NGAL (uNGAL) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results revealed that the T2DM patients with CKD had a significantly higher level of uNGAL (21.0 ± 32.6 ng/mL) than the healthy controls (1.9 ± 2.0 ng/mL p-value = 0.005), and the uNGAL level in the T2DM patients with CKD was increased, but not significantly, compared to that in the T2DM patients without CKD (7.6 ± 6.4 ng/mL, p-value = 0.1067). Moreover, the analysis revealed moderate correlations between uNGAL and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r2 = -0.450, p-value = 0.001) and between uNGAL and urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) (r2 = 0.489, p-value = 0.000). The ROC curve analysis showed that uNGAL was more sensitive (69.23%) and specific (80.49%) than eGFR but could not reach the standard of ACR. Therefore, the study concludes that uNGAL can be a potential predictor of CKD in T2DM when combined with ACR.
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