Estimation of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetic with or without hypertension

Abstract

Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is a subclass of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that is high atherogenic. In 2009, The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry expert panel (NACB) is recognized the predominance of sdLDL as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. In Thailand, cardiovascular disease is an important complication in hypertension (HT) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Density gradient ultracentrifugation, a reference method for sdLDL particle determination, is quite complicated and expensive which is not suitable for routine laboratory. In 2011, Srisawasdi P et al. is implemented a formula for estimating sdLDL-C level using routine lipid profile parameters as follows: sdLDL-C (mg / dL) = 0.580 (non HDL-C) +0.407 (dLDL C) -0.719 (cLDL -C) -12.05. This study aimed to estimate sdLDL-C levels in subjects with healthy (n=198), HT (n=1,249), T2DM (n=893) and T2DM with HT (n=591) using this formula. We found that estimated sdLDL-C value of HT, T2DM and T2DM with HT groups were statistical significantly higher than healthy group (p-value <0.0001), with median and range were 38.17 (3.54-146.43), 37.52 (6.39-101.61), 36.0 (6.37-90.37) and 25.73 (3.54-41.45) mg/dL, respectively. Estimation of sdLDL-C levels by this formula may be used as combine with routine lipid parameters in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease both in healthy and diseased groups. However, further studies should be conducted in other populations.

Key words: Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Estimated sdLDL-C, Type 2 diabetes with or without hypertension, Hypertension