Prevalence of smoking in patients of diabetes and hypertension in Thailand detected by urinary cotinine kit

Abstract

Toxic substances in cigarette smoked are the risks of cardiovascular disease and complications in diabetes and hypertension patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of smoking status in patients with diabetes and hypertension by using qualitatively assayed of urinary cotinine kit based on direct barbituric acid method (DBA kit).  The study was carried out in 187 patients, 24 diabetic, 116 hypertension, 47 diabetic and hypertension, who admitted diabetes and hypertension clinic at Wiang Sa, Nan province in 2016.  DBA showed 46 of smokers (26.2%) and 138 of non-smokers (78.8%).  However, the questionnaire revealed smokers, non-smokers, and passive-smokers of 22 (12%), 112 (60%), and 53 (28%), respectively.  The prevalence of smoking detected by the kit was 2.22 higher than those found by questionnaire.  The results revealed BMI of smoker was significantly lower than those of non-smokers (23 ± 4.5 and 25 ± 5.5 kg/m², p = 0.011), but higher triglyceride was found in smokers (196 ± 138 and 161 93 mg/dL, p = 0.047).  In addition, it was found smoked patients associated with alcohol consumption in type 2 diabetes, OR 2.14 (95% CI 1.09 - 4.21, p = 0.027).  The results demonstrated high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension are smokers detected by the DBA kit.  There should have a campaign to reduce or quit smoking to prevent long-term health effect in patients with these chronic diseases.