Relationship between Vitamin D and Breast Cancer
Keywords:
vitamin D, breast cancer, single nucleotide polymorphismsAbstract
The relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer risk has been studied by many researchers. There is evidence that vitamin D can induce cell cycle arrest, inhibit cell proliferation, and promote apoptosis, including cell differentiation in breast cancer. Several recent studies have investigated the association between vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms and breastcancer risk. Studies have reported that breast-cancer risk may be associated with specific vitamin Drelated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, studies of the vitamin D pathway genetic variants in relation to breast cancer risk have shown inconsistent results. Some SNPs of vitamin D-related genes were not significantly associated with breast-cancer risk, whereas some SNPs showed an association with breast-cancer risk. The studies also investigated the expression levels of vitamin D-related genes in breast-cancer tissue. The results demonstrated that gene expression of specific vitamin D-related genes may be down-regulated or up-regulated in breast cancer. However, some clinical data on vitamin D-related gene expression in breast cancer are inconsistent, which may be due to the limitations of individual studies or racial and cultural diversity, and habitants. In addition, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different subtypes that exhibit distinct patterns of disease progression.
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