Comparison of Final Shade Outcomes of High-Translucent Monolithic Zirconia Crowns on Anodized and Non-Anodized Titanium Abutment Backgrounds
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of two different abutment backgrounds: non-anodized and gold-colored anodized titanium abutments, and the application of opaque coloring liquids on the color outcomes of high-translucent monolithic zirconia crowns.
Materials and Methods: Forty crown-abutment samples were fabricated using CAD-CAM technology and divided into four groups (n=10 per group): non-anodized titanium (TI) and gold-colored anodized titanium (G) abutments, each combined with zirconia crowns either with opaque liners (OP) or without opaque liners (NO). Color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer (SpectroShade™ Micro II) to determine the CIELab values of the specimens. The CIEDE2000 formula was applied to calculate color differences (ΔE00) between each specimen and the zirconia crown on a PMMA abutment (control). The ΔE00 values were further compared against the 50:50% acceptability thresholds for dentists (ΔE00<2.41) and patients (ΔE00<2.83). The ΔE00 data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Crowns with opaque liners (G+OP and TI+OP) showed significantly lower ΔE00 values, achieving patients’ acceptable thresholds (ΔE00<2.83), compared to crowns without liners (G+NO and TI+NO) (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between the G+OP and TI+OP groups or between the G+NO and TI+NO groups.
Conclusions: The study concludes that applying opaque coloring liquids effectively masked the grayish color of titanium abutments and improved esthetic outcomes, while gold anodization alone provided limited color improvement. Clinicians are encouraged to incorporate opaque liners for optimal color outcomes in implant-supported zirconia restorations. Further research is recommended to explore long-term performance and alternative techniques.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles, data, content, images, and other materials published in the Khon Kaen University Dental Journal are the exclusive copyright of the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University. Any individual or organization wishing to reproduce, distribute, or use all or any part of the published materials for any purpose must obtain prior written permission from the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University.
References
Bressan E, Paniz G, Lops D, Corazza B, Romeo E, Favero G. Influence of abutment material on the gingival color of implant-supported all-ceramic restorations: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(6):631-7.
Jung RE, Pjetursson BE, Glauser R, Zembic A, Zwahlen M, Lang NP. A systematic review of the 5-year survival and complication rates of implant-supported single crowns. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19(2):119-30.
Bidra AS, Rungruanganunt P. Clinical outcomes of implant abutments in the anterior region: a systematic review. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2013;25(3):159-76.
Peng M, Zhao WJ, Hosseini M, Zhou WJ, Xiao T, Chuan JL. Influence of restorative materials on color of implant-supported single crowns in esthetic zone: a spectrophotometric evaluation. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:5034358.
Lim HP, Lee KM, Koh YI, Park SW. Allergic contact stomatitis caused by a titanium nitride-coated implant abutment: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2012;108(4):209-13.
Mühlemann S, Truninger TC, Stawarczyk B, Hämmerle CH, Sailer I. Bending moments of zirconia and titanium implant abutments supporting all-ceramic crowns after aging. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2014;25(1):74-81.
Gehrke P, Alius J, Fischer C, Erdelt KJ, Beuer F. Retentive strength of two-piece CAD/CAM zirconia implant abutments. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2014;16(6):920-5.
Gehrke P, Johannson D, Fischer C, Stawarczyk B, Beuer F. In vitro fatigue and fracture resistance of one- and two-piece CAD/CAM zirconia implant abutments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2015;30(3):546-54.
Ma C, Peres EM Jr. Corrosion resistance of anodized and unanodized titanium: effect of common mineral acid solutions. Ind Eng Chem. 1951;43(3):675–9.
Squier RS, Agar JR, Duncan JP, Taylor TD. Retentiveness of dental cements used with metallic implant components. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16(6):793-8.
Wadhwani CPK, Schoenbaum T, King KE, Chung KH. Techniques to optimize color esthetics, bonding, and peri-implant tissue health with titanium implant abutments. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2018;39(2):110-9.
DeGirmenci K, Saridag S. Influence of anodized titanium abutment backgrounds on the color parameters of different zirconia materials. Am J Dent. 2021;34(1):39-43.
Wang T, Wang L, Lu Q, Fan Z. Changes in the esthetic, physical, and biological properties of a titanium alloy abutment treated by anodic oxidation. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121(1):156-65.
Çeken A, Kılınç H, Turgut S. Effect of abutment types and resin cements on the esthetics of implant-supported restorations. J Adv Prosthodont. 2023;15(3):114-25.
Schussler V, Kawakami DY, Rocha MAG, Sinhoreti MAC, Rocha MG, Oliveira D. Perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for color differences in ceramic shade tabs: a comparison between dentists and patients. J Clin Exp Dent. 2024;16(12):e1509-16.
van Brakel R, Noordmans HJ, Frenken J, de Roode R, de Wit GC, Cune MS. The effect of zirconia and titanium implant abutments on light reflection of the supporting soft tissues. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(10):1172-8.
Bittner N, Schulze-Späte U, Silva C, Silva JD, Kim DM, Tarnow D, et al. Comparison of peri-implant soft tissue color with the use of pink-neck vs gray implants and abutments based on soft tissue thickness: a 6-month follow-up study. Int J Prosthodont. 2020;33(1):29-38.
Ban S. Classification and properties of dental zirconia as implant fixtures and superstructures. Materials (Basel). 2021;14(17):4879.
Sun T, Zhou S, Lai R, Liu R, Ma S, Zhou Z, et al. Load-bearing capacity and the recommended thickness of dental monolithic zirconia single crowns. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2014;35:93-101.
Malkondu O, Tinastepe N, Kazazoglu E. Influence of type of cement on the color and translucency of monolithic zirconia. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;116(6):902-8.
Tabatabaian F, Jafari A, Namdari M, Mahshid M. Influence of coping and veneer thickness on the color of zirconia-based restorations on different implant abutment backgrounds. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121(2):327-32.
Bas BB, Cakan U. Evaluation of the effect of anodization-colored titanium abutments and zirconia substructure thickness on zirconia substructure color: an in vitro study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2022;25(12):2024-9.
Sethakamnerd P, Leeviloj C. Masking ability of two ceramics with different thicknesses on various substrates. Mahidol Dent J. 2020;37(2):233–42.
Kengtanyakich S, Poompanich P, Suwanruksa P, Mekhanavakul W, Chongwilas R, Peampring C. Effect of opaquer on masking ability of translucent zirconia with different thickness. SWU Dent J. 2023;16(2):57-66.
Oh SH, Kim SG. Effect of abutment shade, ceramic thickness, and coping type on the final shade of zirconia all-ceramic restorations: in vitro study of color masking ability. J Adv Prosthodont. 2015;7(5):368–74.
Luo MR, Cui G, Rigg B. The development of the CIE 2000 colour-difference formula: CIEDE2000. Color Res Appl. 2001;26(5):340-50.
Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M, et al. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015;27 Suppl 1:S1-9.
Tejada-Casado M, Pérez MM, Della Bona A, Lubbe H, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, et al. Chroma-dependence of CIEDE2000 acceptability thresholds for dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2024;36(3):469-76.
Basegio MM, Pecho OE, Ghinea R, Perez MM, Della Bona A. Masking ability of indirect restorative systems on tooth-colored resin substrates. Dent Mater. 2019;35(6):e122-30.
