Factors affecting Compliance with Law-Enforced Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP 420) of Drinking Water in Sealed Containers Production: A Study in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Abstract

               This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to investigate factors influencing compliance with law-enforced Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP 420) among entrepreneurs of drinking water in sealed containers production facilities in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. A total of 138 facilities were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and    on-site GMP 420 assessment between December 2024 and February 2025. Descriptive statistics,          Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. The results showed that 94.2% of the facilities were non-factory operations, with an average business duration of 10.8 years (S.D. = 7.5). About 34.1% had an average monthly income of 30,000–70,000 baht. Most facilities (91.3%) had a certified production supervisor. Entrepreneurs have an overall agreement with GMP 420 (average = 3.7, S.D. = 0.4). Knowledge of GMP 420 is at the level of Fair (mean = 13.9, S.D. = 2.4 full score 20). Compliance with GMP 420 was observed in 58.0% of the facilities, with higher adherence to general requirements (73.2%) than specific ones (59.4%). Statistically significant factors associated with GMP 420 compliance included age 31–60 years (OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 1.5–19.5,               p = 0.010), working more than 8 hours per day (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 1.7–23.9, p = 0.005), monthly income of 50,001–90,000 baht (OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.6–20.8, p = 0.007), income over 90,000 baht (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.1–6.7, p = 0.037), and a positive attitude toward GMP 420 (OR = 2.8, 95%        CI = 1.1–7.4, p = 0.037). The findings indicate that entrepreneurs still face challenges in fully complying with GMP 420. Government agencies should provide targeted support and develop incentive mechanisms to promote sustainable compliance with the regulations.