The Situation and Care Models for Bedridden Older Adults in Semi-Urban Communities: A Case Study in Phitsanulok Province

Abstract

 This mixed-methods study aimed to: (1) examine the current situation of care for bedridden older adults, and (2) describe problems and care models for bedridden older adults in a semi-urban community. The study was conducted from August to October 2025 and comprised three phases. Phase 1 The situation of care for bedridden older adults was investigated using a questionnaire that had been validated by experts and administered to 18 primary caregivers. Phase 2 explored caregiving problems through semi-structured interviews with 14 primary caregivers. Phase 3 examined community care models through focus group discussions with 10 stakeholders in Plaichumpol Subdistrict. The results showed that the 18 bedridden older adults were aged 63–99 years (mean = 78.89, SD = 8.92), and 55.6% were female. The main causes of bedridden conditions were stroke (55.6%) and Alzheimer’s disease (16.6%). Most participants (64.1%) had an Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score of zero. Primary caregivers were predominantly offspring (66.7%). Key problems identified included low family income, caregivers having only moderate knowledge, and a lack of formal training. The community’s care model included collaboration with network partners and provision of essential medical equipment. However, shortages of care assistants relative to the growing older adult population remained a major challenge. Therefore, primary healthcare services should provide training for caregivers of bedridden older adults, promote innovations in long-term care, and strengthen the role of care assistants in conducting regular home visits.