Factors Associated with Anemia in Pregnancy and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes among Adolescent Mothers at Community Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
Keywords:
Pre-pregnancy body mass index, Gestational age at first prenatal care visit, Preterm delivery, Birth weightAbstract
This retrospective study aimed to examine the factors influencing anemia and birth outcomes among adolescent pregnant women. The study sample consisted of 249 adolescent mothers. Four research instruments were employed: (1) a general information record form, (2) a maternal health record, (3) a record form assessing factors related to anemia during pregnancy, and (4) a birth outcome record form, all of which demonstrated excellent content validity (CVI = 1.00). Data were collected from the HosXP database and delivery records. Information on general characteristics, maternal health, factors associated with anemia, and birth outcomes was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Factors influencing anemia and birth outcomes were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.
The results revealed that the mean age of participants was 17.58 ± 1.38 years. The mean gestational age at the first antenatal care (ANC) visit was 13.08 ± 6.47 weeks, with a mean pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 21.52 ± 4.05 kg/m². The mean total weight gain was 11.47 ± 5.52 Kg. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.27 ± 1.45 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 2,903.61 ± 445.48 grams. Gestational age at the first ANC visit and pre-pregnancy BMI were significantly associated with anemia during pregnancy (p<.05). Furthermore, gestational age at delivery differed significantly between adolescent pregnant women with anemia and those without anemia (p < .05). Therefore, stakeholders should promote normal BMI in adolescents and encourage early ANC before 12 weeks to ensure proper fetal development.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization.Adolescentpregnancy. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
Department of Health. Situation of adolescent pregnancy in Thailand 2022–2023. Nonthaburi: Ministry of Public Health; 2023. (in Thai).
Division of Strategy and Plan, Ministry of Public Health. Standard data storage and submission in compliance to health standard set of the Ministry of Public Health version 2.4 fiscal year 2023 (B.E. 2566) dashboard [internet]. 2023. (in Thai)
Tesfaye M, Yemane T, Adisu W, Asres Y, & Gedefaw L. Anemia and iron deficiency among school adolescents:burden,severity,anddetermining factors in southwest Ethiopia. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2015;6: 189–96.
Theodoridou S, Vyzantiadis A, Theodoridis A, Sotiriadis A, Mamopoulos A, & Dinas K. Adolescent pregnancy and anemia. Ten years of referrals in Northern Greece. Hippokratia. 2024;28(1):11–6.
Homsub P. The prevalence and factors associated with anemia in young adolescent pregnant women at Phranarai Maharaj Hospital. Region 4-5 Medical Journal. 2023;42(2):33–42. (in Thai).
Suppaseemanont W, Klomyong S, & Deoisres W. Factors influencing qualified antenatal care visits among pregnant adolescents. Journal of Phrapokklao Nursing College, Chanthaburi. 2020; 31(2):41-53. (in Thai).
Juntarapimon P, Rakhab A, & Thongwon T. Factors influencing on the occurrence of anemia in pregnant adolescents at Chaiya hospital, Surat Thani province. Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal. 2025;17(2): 192-207. (in Thai).
Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines. Weight gain during pregnancy: Reexamining the guidelines. Rasmussen KM, Yaktine AL, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2009.
Eminov E, & Eminov A. Prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and evaluation of pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study. Archives Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2025; 311(5): 1351–8.
Bashir N, Bashir S, & Kuchay A. Impact of maternal anemia on birth outcomes a hospital-based study. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2024;14(4):1442-8.
Dewey KG, & Oaks BM. U-shaped curve for risk associated with maternal hemoglobin, iron status, or iron supplementation. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2017; 106 (Suppl 6):1694S-702S.
Moreis M. Maternal iron deficiency anaemia and its association with antrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small fetal growth in DAHC. EC Gynaecology. 2024;13(12):1-8.
Buranasak J, Hungsawanus P, Raiva W, Pungbangkadee R, & Khadking N. The effects of health promotion program for teenage pregnancy on total gestational weight gain and infant birth weight. Journal of The Royal Thai Army Nurses. 2020;21(2):434-42. (in Thai).
Poowang W. The Prevalence and associate factors of anemia in mothers delivered In Nongkhai hospital. Nursing Health, and Education Journal, 2020;3(1):18-27. (in Thai)
Costantine MM. Physiologic and pharmacokinetic changes in pregnancy. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2014;5(65):1-6.
Sámano R, Martínez-Rojano H, Ortiz-Hernández L, Ná jera-Med ina O , Ch ico-Bar ba G , Godínez-Martínez E, et al. Dietary and nutrient intake, eating habits, and its association with maternal gestational weight gain and offspring’s birth weight in pregnant adolescents. Nutrients. 2022;14(21):1-17.
Talin IA, Abid MH, Samad MA, Azpíroz ID, Diez IT, Ashraf I, & Nahid AA. Exploring factors influencing the severity of pregnancy anemia in India: A study using proportional odds model. Scientific Reports, 2023;13, 228-216.
Juntarapimon P, Rakhab A, & Thongwon T. Factors influencing on the occurrence of anemia in pregnant adolescents at Chaiya Hospital, Surat Thani Province. Princess of Naradhiwas University Journal, 2025;17(2):192-207. (in Thai)
Ekblad U, Erkkola R, & Uotila P. The effect of acute hypoxia on prostaglandin release in perfused human fetal placenta. Prostaglandins. 1987;33(4):553-60.
Wang R, Xu S, Hao X, Jin X, Pan D, Xia H, et al. Anemia during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Frontiers in global women’s health. 2025;6(1502585): 1-12.
Thasala Hospital. Delivery records, fiscal year 2021–2023. Nakhon Si Thammarat: Thasala Hospital; 2023.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of The Royal Thai Army Nurses
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
บทความหรือข้อคิดเห็นใดใดที่ปรากฏในวารสารพยาบาลทหารบกเป็นวรรณกรรมของผู้เขียน ซึ่งบรรณาธิการหรือสมาคมพยาบาลทหารบก ไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วย
บทความที่ได้รับการตีพิมพ์เป็นลิขสิทธิ์ของวารสารพยาบาลทหารบก
The ideas and opinions expressed in the Journal of The Royal Thai Army Nurses are those of the authors and not necessarily those
of the editor or Royal Thai Army Nurses Association.
