The Development of a Family-Based Care Model for Homebound and Bedridden Elderly in the COVID-19 Epidemic Situation, Bang Krathum District, Phitsanulok Province

Abstract

This action research aimed to develop a family-based care model for homebound and bedridden older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study comprised four phases: (1) situation analysis using questionnaires among 192 caregivers, in-depth interviews with 20 key stakeholders, and three focus group discussions; (2) model development through stakeholder brainstorming; (3) pilot implementation with 50 families; and (4) observation, evaluation, and reflection. Results indicated that caregivers possessed good knowledge of COVID-19, with high perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits, but low perceived barriers, leading to good preventive behaviors (86.5, 94.3, 79.2, 88.5, 51.0, and 88.5 percent respectively). Nonetheless, some family members did not wear masks at home or shower immediately upon returning. The developed model emphasized enhancing caregivers’ knowledge and skills, utilizing communication technology, supporting protective equipment, and engaging community resources. After implementation, caregivers demonstrated improved knowledge and caregiving competencies, and no COVID-19 infections were detected among older adults. The findings highlight that family and community participation are essential in supporting care for homebound and bedridden older adults, particularly during health crises. Health service organizations should therefore promote the continued application of family- and community-based care models to strengthen preparedness and resilience in future public health emergencies.